UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number: 000-55832
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
(805 ) 456-1300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trade Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||||||||
| N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 30, 2020, there were 35,135,520 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.
Transphorm, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Table of Contents
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”), including the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains express or implied forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Report are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “predict,” “seek,” “contemplate,” “project,” “continue,” “potential,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
•the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business, technologies and products;
•our ability to raise additional funds to continue to operate our business, including AFSW (as defined below), our joint venture wafer fabrication facility located in Aizu Wakamatsu, Japan, and to satisfy our obligations under our agreements with our lenders;
•our costs in meeting our contractual obligations, including the cost and cash flow impact of purchasing the remaining interest in AFSW and operating such facility, and our ability to maintain our contracts for their expected durations;
•the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our industry and our business, operations and financial condition, as well as on the global economy;
•overall market conditions, including the negative impact of COVID-19;
•the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our products or GaN technology in general, including changes due to the impact of (i) new GaN fabrication sources, (ii) the performance of GaN technology, whether perceived or actual, relative to competing semiconductor materials, and (iii) the performance of our products, whether perceived or actual, compared to competing GaN-based, silicon-based and other products;
•the timing and success of product released by us and our customers;
•our ability to develop new products and technologies;
•our estimates of our expenses, ongoing losses, future revenue, capital requirements, and needs for additional financing;
•our ability to obtain additional funds for our operations and our intended use of any such funds;
•our ability to become listed and remain eligible on an over-the-counter quotation system;
•our receipt and timing of any royalties, milestone payments or payments for products, under any current or future collaboration, license or other agreements or arrangements, including the credit risks of our customers;
•our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technologies and products and our ability to operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;
•the strength and marketability of our intellectual property portfolio;
•our dependence on current and future collaborators for developing, manufacturing or otherwise bringing our products to market;
•the ability of our third party supply and manufacturing partners to meet our current and future business needs;
•the throughput of our fabrication facilities and third party foundries, as well as the ability of such facilities and foundries to ramp up production;
•our relationships with our executive officers, directors and employees;
•our expectations regarding our classification as a “smaller reporting company,” as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act in future periods;
•our future financial performance;
•the competitive landscape of our industry;
•the impact of government regulation and developments relating to us, our competitors or our industry;
•the impact of “controlled company” exemptions that may be available to us in the future under Nasdaq or NYSE listing standards and our use of the applicable phase-in periods; and
•other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the caption “Risk Factors.”
These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and those discussed in other documents we file with the SEC.
Any forward-looking statement in this Report reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.
Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Transphorm, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands except share and per share data)
| March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net, including related parties | |||||||||||
| Inventory | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Development loan | |||||||||||
| Revolving credit facility, including accrued interest | |||||||||||
| Unfunded commitment to joint venture | |||||||||||
| Accrued payroll and benefits | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Development loans, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Promissory note | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | |||||||||||
| Convertible preferred stock (Notes 1 and 9): | |||||||||||
Series 1, $ | |||||||||||
Series 2, $ | |||||||||||
Series 3, $ | |||||||||||
| Total convertible preferred stock | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ deficit: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
Transphorm, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
(in thousands except share and per share data)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Revenue, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | |||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||
| Loss in joint venture | |||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of promissory note | ( | ||||||||||
| Other income, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Loss before tax expense | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Tax expense | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Net loss per share - basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
Transphorm, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)
(in thousands)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
Transphorm, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit (unaudited)
(in thousands except share data)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Stockholders’ Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options exercised | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of shares in connection with the Reverse Merger | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares redeemed | ( | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued in connection with the Reverse Merger | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock, net | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
Transphorm, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
(in thousands)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Inventory write-off | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Interest cost | |||||||||||
| Loss in joint venture | |||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of promissory note | ( | ||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Inventory | ( | ||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accrued payroll and benefits | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Investment in joint venture | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from development loans | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from stock option exercise | |||||||||||
| Payment for repurchase of common stock | ( | ||||||||||
| Loan repayment | ( | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering cost | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Interest expense paid | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
Transphorm, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
Note 1 - Business and Basis of Presentation
Transphorm, Inc. (“Parent”) develops gallium nitride (“GaN”) semiconductor components used in power conversion and is headquartered in Goleta, California. Parent’s wholly owned-subsdiary, Transphorm Technology, Inc., was incorporated in the state of Delaware on February 22, 2007. Throughout this Report, “the Company,” “Transphorm,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Parent and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. Transphorm Technology and its subsidiaries hold all material assets and conduct all business activities and operations of the Company. Transphorm Technology’s activities to date have been primarily performing research and development, establishing manufacturing infrastructure, market sampling, product launch, hiring personnel, and raising capital to support and expand these activities. Transphorm Japan, Inc. was established in Japan in February 2014 to secure Transphorm’s production capacity and establish a direct presence in Asian markets. Transphorm Aizu, Inc. was established in Japan to manage the financial transactions around Aizu Fujitsu Semiconductor Wafer Solution Limited, Transphorm’s joint venture wafer fabrication facility located in Aizu Wakamatsu, Japan (“Aizu”). Transphorm Japan Epi, Inc. was established in Japan in 2019 to enable the operational capacity of the reactors held in Aizu.
In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Transphorm reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period ended March 31, 2020, but are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be reported for the entire year or any other interim period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. The aforementioned unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The interim information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2020. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 is derived from those audited financial statements.
The preparation of interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Material estimates subject to change include, among other items, the determination of allowance for loan and lease losses and allowance for off-balance sheet items, other-than-temporary impairment, securities valuations, the fair value of other assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reverse Merger
On February 12, 2020, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Peninsula Acquisition Sub, Inc., a corporation formed in the State of Delaware (“Acquisition Sub”), merged with and into Transphorm Technology (formerly known as Transphorm, Inc.), the corporate existence of Acquisition Sub ceased, and Transphorm Technology became our wholly-owned subsidiary (such transaction, the “Merger”). As a result of the Merger, we acquired the business of Transphorm Technology. The Merger was effective as of February 12, 2020, upon the filing of a Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Immediately after completion of the Merger, we adopted Transphorm Technology’s former company name, “Transphorm, Inc.”, as our company name.
The Merger was treated as a recapitalization and reverse acquisition for financial reporting purposes, and Transphorm Technology is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes.
As a result of the Merger and the change in our business and operations, a discussion of the past financial results of our predecessor, Peninsula Acquisition Corporation, is not pertinent, and under applicable accounting principles, the historical financial results of Transphorm Technology, the accounting acquirer, prior to the Merger are considered our historical financial results.
At the time the certificate of merger reflecting the Merger was filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware (the “Effective Time”), (i) each share of Transphorm Technology’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was converted into the right to receive (a) 0.08289152527 shares of our common stock (in the case of shares held by accredited investors) or (b) $4.00 multiplied by the Common Stock Conversion Ratio (in the case of shares held by unaccredited investors), with the actual number of shares of our common stock issued to the former holders of Transphorm Technology’s common stock equal to 4,171,571 , (ii) 51,680,254 12,433,953 shares of our common stock, (iii) 38,760,190 7,499,996 shares of our common stock, and (iv) 31,850,304 4,000,000 shares of our common stock. As a result, 28,105,520 shares of our common stock were issued to the former holders of Transphorm Technology’s issued and outstanding capital stock after adjustments due to rounding for fractional shares. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, an aggregate of 682,699 shares of our common stock, owned by the stockholders of Peninsula Acquisition Corporation prior to the Merger, were forfeited and cancelled (the “Stock Forfeiture”).
In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) options to purchase 29,703,285 2,461,923 shares of our common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase 186,535 shares of Transphorm Technology’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed, amended and converted into warrants to purchase 15,461 shares of our common stock, and (iii) Transphorm Technology’s outstanding convertible promissory note was amended to be convertible at the option of the holder, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $5.12 per share, with 3,076,171 being the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible promissory note. As of March 31, 2020, there was $15.0 million of principal and $373 thousand of accrued and unpaid interest outstanding on the convertible promissory note.
All per share and share amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2019 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Merger.
Going Concern
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has generated recurring losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit and has a working capital deficiency. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements.
Management plans to raise additional working capital to fund operations through the issuance of stock to investors, license of intellectual property and/or issuance of notes payable. The Company raised $19.7 million from the sale of common stock in February 2020 as described in Note 9 - Stockholders’ Equity. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in raising additional capital.
The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on its ability to raise significant additional capital to fund operating losses until it is able to generate liquidity from its business operations. To the extent sufficient financing is not available, the Company may not be able to, or may be delayed in, developing its
offerings and meeting its obligations. The Company will continue to evaluate its projected expenditures relative to its available cash and to evaluate financing alternatives in order to satisfy its working capital and other cash requirements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Impact of COVID-19 on our Business
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely disrupted and will further disrupt the operations at certain of our customers, partners, suppliers and other third-party providers for an uncertain period of time, including as a result of travel restrictions, adverse effects on budget planning processes, business deterioration, and/or business shutdowns, all of which has impacted our business and results of operations. Some of our customers have experienced delays in their internal development programs and design cycles with our GaN products due to the effects of COVID-19, which have led to postponements of their orders of our products and postponements of determinations that our products will be used in their designs for new products under development with corresponding delays in their market introduction and our revenues.
Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
Use of Estimates
Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Foreign Currency Risk
Concentrations of Risk
Comprehensive Loss
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
Property and Equipment
Goodwill
Intangible Assets
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives its revenues from sales of high-powered GaN-based products manufactured utilizing the Company’s proprietary and patented epiwafer technology and wafer fabrication and other assembly processes, and sales of GaN epiwafers for the RF and power markets, as well as sales of licenses to use such patented proprietary technology. Revenues are recognized when control of these products or licenses are transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products and licenses. Sales and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. The Company does not have any significant financing components associated with its revenue contracts, as payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale.
Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 consists of licensing revenue, government contract revenue from our contract with the U.S. Navy and product sales, with applicable performance obligations satisfied at a point in time. Products are sold to distributors and end-users in various sectors such as, but not limited to, the automotive, gaming, industrial, IT, and consumer products industries.
As part of the Collaboration Arrangement (Note 2 - Nexperia Arrangement) executed with Nexperia on April 4, 2018, the Company agreed to grant Nexperia the perpetual exclusive right to use the Company’s existing
Gen 3 manufacturing process technology. License fees are received upon satisfaction of contractual milestones and recognized upon delivery of the perpetual license or transferred technology without any remaining performance obligations. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, no licensing revenue was recognized.
Government contract revenues are principally generated under research and development contracts. Contract revenues are derived primarily from research contracts with agencies of the United States Government. We believe credit risk related to accounts receivable arising from such contracts is minimal. These contracts may include cost-plus fixed fee and fixed price terms. All payments to us for work performed on contracts with agencies of the U.S. Government are subject to adjustment upon audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency.
Performance Obligations
For performance obligations related to the sale of products, control transfers to the customer at a point in time. The Company’s principal terms of sale are free on board shipping or destination and the Company transfers control and records revenue for product sales upon shipment or delivery to the customer, respectively. For performance obligations related to the licensing of patented technology in perpetuity, control also transfers to the customer at a point in time. The Company transfers control and records revenue for licensing fees once the Company has (i) provided or otherwise makes available the patented technology to the customer and (ii) the customer is able to use and benefit from the patented technology.
Variable Consideration
The nature of the Company’s arrangement with Nexperia gives rise to variable consideration in the form of milestone and royalty payments. The royalties qualify for the sales and usage-based royalty exception, as the license of intellectual property is the predominant item to which the royalty relates and are recognized upon the subsequent sale occurring. The variable amounts are received upon satisfaction of contractually agreed upon development targets and sales volume.
Research and Development
Stock-Based Compensation
term. Management generally uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term for employee grants as the Company has limited historical exercise data or alternative information to reasonably estimate an expected term assumption. The simplified method assumes that all options will be exercised midway between the weighted average vesting date and the contractual term of the option.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is based on awards that are expected to vest. These expense amounts have been reduced by using an estimated forfeiture rate. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company evaluates the assumptions used to estimate forfeitures annually in connection of recognition of stock-based compensation expense.
Loss Per Share
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were 2,473,552 shares, consisting of 2,458,091 stock options and 15,461 stock warrants, that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were 2,397,702 shares, consisting of 2,371,545 stock options and 26,157 stock warrants, that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Fair Value Measurement
Income Taxes
Equity Method Investments
Segment Reporting
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted
Fair Value - In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standard Boards (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (ASC 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosures, modifies certain disclosures and adds additional disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows - In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). This guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020, first day of the Company’s fiscal year using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards under Evaluation
Income Tax - In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which modifies ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The ASU’s amendments are based on changes that were suggested by stakeholders as part of the FASB’s simplification initiative (i.e., the Board’s effort to reduce the complexity of accounting standards while maintaining or enhancing the helpfulness of information provided to financial statement users). ASU 2019-12 is effective for the Company’s 2021 fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The standard changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company’s 2021 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 2 - Nexperia Arrangement
Nexperia Transaction
On April 4, 2018, the Company entered into a multi-element commercial arrangement with Nexperia B.V. (“Nexperia”) to obtain financing in exchange for sale of equity instruments and performing certain technology and product development activities for Nexperia (collectively, the “Collaboration Arrangement”). Nexperia specializes in designing, manufacturing and selling a broad range of small discrete semiconductor devices that utilize components such as those manufactured by the Company. Financing under the Collaboration Arrangement is comprised of the following elements:
•$16 million Series 3 preferred stock issuance
•$9 million license fee for transfer of the Gen 3 manufacturing process
•$5 million development loan, originally maturing March 31, 2020 and subsequently extended to June 30, 2020 intended to pre-fund the Gen 4 (Tranche A) technology development (the “Tranche A Loan”)
•$8 million development loan maturing March 31, 2021 intended to pre-fund the Gen 5 (Tranche B), 1200V (Tranche B1) technology development (the “Tranche B Loan”)
•$2 million development loan maturing March 31, 2021 intended to pre-fund the 1200V technology development (the “Tranche B-1 Loan”) (together with the Tranche A and Tranche B Loans, the “Development Loans”)
•$10 million revolving loan (the “Tranche C Loan”)
The Company has to use the funds to operate the business in a manner consistent with or reasonably related to those business activities as carried out on or prior to the April 4, 2018, the effective date of Collaboration Arrangement. In addition to the multiple elements outlined above, the Company and Nexperia entered into a Supply Agreement requiring that the Company be Nexperia’s primary supplier of specified components until June 30, 2020 on a best efforts basis. By entering into this Collaboration Arrangement, Nexperia will gain access to technology that allows for production of high power semiconductors for use in electric vehicles.
Further, Nexperia will obtain an exclusive license and market access to automotive customers outside of Japan and a sole license (non-exclusive of the Company), as well as market access, to customers in other parts of the power market. Nexperia has a lien on certain U.S. patents not relating to metal organic chemical vapor deposition (“MOCVD”) or epiwafer technology, per the agreement.
On March 31, 2019, the Company executed Amendment No. 1 to the Loan and Security Agreement (the ”LSA”), pursuant to which the Tranche B Loan was bifurcated into the following two separate sub-tranches:
•$8 million development loan intended to pre-fund the Gen 5 (Tranche B), 1200V (Tranche B1) (Ron/2) technology development (the “Tranche B Loan”)
•$2 million development loan intended to pre-fund the 1200V technology development (the “Tranche B-1 Loan” and, together with the Tranche B Loan, the “Tranche B Loans”)
On February 7, 2020, Amendment No. 2 to the LSA was executed to acknowledge the then-pending Merger, reaffirm the terms of the loan and confirm the waiver for the late delivery of the Company’s 2018 audited financial statements. On April 8, 2020, Amendment No. 3 to the LSA was executed to extend the maturity of the Tranche A loan to April 30, 2020 from March 31, 2020. On April 28, 2020, Amendment No. 4 to the LSA was executed to further extend the maturity of the Tranche A loan to June 30, 2020. All other terms set forth under the original LSA remained unchanged following the amendments. See Note 12 - Subsequent Events.
The Tranche A and Tranche B Loans represent pre-funding for Gen 4 (Tranche A), Gen 5 (Tranche B), 1200V (Tranche B1) and 1200V technology development for Nexperia. The specific development activities and associated performance milestones are contained within a Statement of Work (“SoW”) between the Company and Nexperia. The SoW may be modified from time to time based upon mutual business interests. This promise to perform the technology development is a good/service provided to a customer in exchange for consideration in the form of the technology development license fees that offset the Tranche A and Tranche B Loans outstanding. The Development Loans are within the scope of ASC 730-20, Research & Development Arrangements, and are recognized as a liability equal to the cash proceeds received.
In relation to the transfer of the Company’s Gen 3 manufacturing process to Nexperia, the Company received $3 million (the first of three tranches) in December 2018, $3 million (the second of three tranches) in April 2019, and $3 million (the third of three tranches) in October 2019. The Company recognized this revenue during 2019 upon the completion and mutual sign off between Nexperia and the Company.
In January 2019, the Company received the $5 million Tranche A Loan. In June and July 2019, the Company received the $8 million Tranche B Loan. In December 2019, the Company received the $2 million Tranche B-1 Loan.
The Tranche C revolving loan of the full $10 million available under this credit facility was received during the year ended December 31, 2018. See Note 6 - Debts.
Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements
FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs (other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data of substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.
The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table summarizes the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Promissory note | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Promissory note | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The following table includes the changes in fair value of the promissory note which are Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| 2020 | |||||
| Fair value at January 1, | $ | ||||
| Interest expense accrued | |||||
| Decrease in fair value | ( | ||||
| Fair value at March 31, | $ | ||||
| 2019 | |||||
| Fair value at January 1, | $ | ||||
| Interest expense accrued | |||||
| Increase in fair value | |||||
| Fair value at December 31, | $ | ||||
There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to measure assets and liability fair values during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The valuation techniques for the items in the table above are as follows:
Level 3 borrowings, which consist of promissory note, are measured and reported at fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The models can include assumptions related to the value of the notes that are based on the estimated timing and amounts of future rounds of financing, including the estimated timing of a change in control of the Company, and estimated market interest rates, which represent significant unobservable inputs. Assumptions used are (1) the Company is worth today what it can generate in future cash to the Company, (2) cash received today is more than an equal amount of cash received in the future; and (3) future cash flows can be reasonably estimated.
Note 4 - Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
| Revenue for the Three Months Ended March 31, | Accounts Receivable As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer A | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer B | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer C | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer D | |||||||||||||||||||||||
* Less than 10% of total
Customer B and C are related parties and Customer D is a government agency. See Note 11 - Related Party Transactions.
Note 5 - Inventory
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Work in process | |||||||||||
| Finished goods | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, an inventory write-off of $169 thousand was recorded and, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, no inventory write-off was recorded.
Note 6 - Debts
Development Loans
On April 4, 2018, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (“LSA”) and Development and License Agreement (“DLA”) with Nexperia. The LSA provided for term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million, which term loans were available in tranches (Tranche A, Tranche B and Tranche B-1) and subject to the satisfaction of specified conditions. The Tranche A Loan of $5.0 million matures on the earlier of the date a specified report is required to be delivered under the DLA or March 31, 2020, subject to extension as provided in the LSA. On April 8, 2020 the maturity of the Tranche A loan was extended to April 30, 2020 and, on April 28, 2020, the maturity of the Tranche A loan was further extended to June 30, 2020. The Tranche B Loan of $8.0 million and Tranche B-1 Loan of $2.0 million mature on the earlier of the date a specified report is required to be delivered under the DLA or March 31, 2021, subject to extension as provided in the LSA. See Note 2 - Nexperia Arrangement.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of term loans were outstanding under the LSA.
Revolving Credit Facility
The LSA also provided a $10.0 million revolving loan (Tranche C Loan) maturing at the earlier of (i) April 3, 2021, and (ii) the date a Change of Control (as defined in the LSA) of the Company occurs. Interest payable by the Company accrues on the outstanding principal amount of the loans during such period at a rate of 6 % per annum. The credit facility is secured against certain of our U.S. patents not relating to MOCVD or epiwafer technology. See Note 2 - Nexperia Arrangement.
The Tranche C Loan is recorded based on principal $10.0 million and accrued interest (6 % interest per annum). The Company recorded interest expense of $152 thousand and $150 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total balance of the revolving credit facility was $10.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively.
Promissory Note
| Stated Value at | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rate | Due Date | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Yaskawa Note | September 2022 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pursuant to ASC 825-10-15-4, the Company elected to apply the fair value option for the promissory note. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company determined the fair value for the note, as compared to the face value, including accrued interest, as follows (in thousands):
| Fair Value at | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Yaskawa Note | $ | $ | |||||||||
Fair value of promissory note decreased $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and increased $167 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2019.
In October 2017, the Company issued an unsecured subordinated convertible promissory note to Yaskawa Electric Corporation (the “Yaskawa Note”) for $15.0 million. The stated interest rate of the Yaskawa Note is 1.0 %, and principal plus interest is due on the earlier of September 30, 2022, or the date of the occurrence of an Event of Default, Change of Control or an Initial Public Offering (all terms as defined in the Yaskawa Note). In connection with the Merger, the Yaskawa Note was amended to be convertible at the option of the holder into a maximum of 3,076,171 shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $5.12 per share.
In connection with its promissory note obligation, the Company recorded interest expense of $37 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. In accordance with the terms of the promissory note, interest is added to the principal balance and is reflected in the carrying value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accrued interest on the promissory note was $373 thousand and $336 thousand, respectively.
In February, 2020, the Company entered into a letter of intent (“LOI”) with Yaskawa that will form the basis for a mutually beneficial cooperation agreement between the Company and Yaskawa to be finalized later in 2020. Under the LOI, Yaskawa intends to enter into a long-term cooperation and development agreement with the Company to use the Company’s GaN power device products for a variety of industrial power conversion applications, which will initially focus on servo motor drive applications. Yaskawa also intends to provide at least
$4.0 million to fund the Company’s development activities, with an expected funding start date of May 2020, from which amount Yaskawa intends to provide $1.0 million in 2020 in connection with the ongoing development activities.
| Year Ending December 31, | Amount | ||||
| 2020 | $ | ||||
| 2021 | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
Note 7 - Investment in Aizu Fujitsu Semiconductor Wafer Solution Limited (“AFSW”)
The Company has 49 % interest in AFSW and is a party to a joint venture agreement (the “JVA”) with Fujitsu Semiconductor Limited (“FSL”) the 51 % owner of AFSW. AFSW manufactures semiconductor products exclusively for its owners under manufacturing agreements at prices estimated to cover the cost of production. AFSW was determined to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”) as the equity at risk was not believed to be sufficient. AFSW depends on its owners for any additional cash. The Company extended $1.5 million and $2.7 million to AFSW to fund AFSW’s operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company’s known maximum exposure to loss approximated the carrying value of its investment balance, which included the financing. Potential future losses could be higher than the carrying amount of the Company’s investment, as we are liable, along with the other owner, for other future operating costs or obligations of AFSW. In addition, because Transphorm is currently committed to purchasing GaN wafers and production-related services from AFSW at pre-agreed pricing based upon the Company’s second generation products, the Company may be required to purchase products at a higher cost for its newer generation products. Unfunded commitment to AFSW was $1.5 million and $1.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
On April 1, 2020, FSL exercised its put option under the JVA and notified the Company that FSL intended to exit the joint venture by selling its 51
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 | For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Investment | |||||||||||
| Loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate change | ( | ||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
Summarized financial information (unaudited) of AFSW for the periods indicated, as provided by the controlling owner, are as follows (in thousands):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Due to controlling owner | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Due to Transphorm | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net deficit | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Gross loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies
Commitment with a Government Agency
In connection with a contract with a government agency, the Company entered into a commitment to acquire equipment and services from vendors totaling $4.9 million, all of which is reimbursable. During February and March 2020, the Company purchased equipment for approximately $3.6 million and was reimbursed in full by the government agency. As of March 31, 2020, the remaining commitment under the contract to the vendors is approximately $1.3 million.
Operating Leases
The Company leases office and fabrication space in Goleta, California, and office spaces in San Jose, California and in Japan under noncancelable operating lease agreements. The terms of certain leases provide for escalating rental payments through the term of the lease. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and accrues for rent expense incurred but not paid.
| Year Ending December 31, | Amount | ||||
| 2020 | $ | ||||
| 2021 | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
The Company recorded rent expense, net of rental income, which includes common area maintenance fees in addition to the base rent, of $233 thousand and $209 thousand for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Rental income from noncancelable sublease was $45 thousand for each of the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the future minimum rental payments to be received under the noncancelable sublease is $171 thousand through February 2021.
Contingencies
During the ordinary course of business, the Company may become a party to legal proceedings incidental to its business. The Company accrues contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimable. Legal cost is expensed as incurred. The company is not aware of any material legal claims or assessments, although the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable, management believes there was not at least a reasonable possibility that the Company had incurred a material loss with respect to such loss contingencies as of March 31, 2020 and through date of this Report.
Indemnification
The Company from time to time enters into types of contracts that contingently require the Company to indemnify parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to: (1) real estate leases, under which the Company may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities and for other claims arising from the Company’s use of the applicable premises; (2) agreements with the Company’s officers, directors, and employees, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons from liabilities arising out of their relationship; (3) indemnifying customers in the event of product failure; and (4) agreements with outside parties that use the Company’s intellectual property, under which the Company may indemnify for copyright or patent infringement related specifically to the use of such intellectual property.
Historically, the Company has not been required to make payments under these obligations, and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 9 - Stockholders’ Equity
On February 12, 2020, in connection with the Merger, shares of Transphorm Technology’s convertible preferred stocks and common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were converted into shares of the Company’s common stock as follows:
•Series 1 convertible preferred stock: 51,680,254 12,433,953
•Series 2 convertible preferred stock: 38,760,190 7,499,996
•Series 3 convertible preferred stock: 31,850,304 4,000,000
•Common stock: 50,325,662 4,171,571
In addition, on February 12, 2020, the Company issued 1,650,000 shares in connection with the Merger with Peninsula Acquisition Corporation and also redeemed 52,773 shares from unaccredited investors.
All per share and share amounts for all periods presented have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Merger.
In December 2019, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to authorize two classes of stock, to be designated, respectively, Common Stock and Preferred Stock. The total number of shares of stock that the Company shall have authority to issue is 755,000,000 shares, of which 750,000,000 shares are common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 5,000,000 shares are preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share.
As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no
Private Placement
On February 12, 2020 and February 27, 2020, we sold an aggregate of 5,380,000 shares of common stock pursuant to closings of a private placement offering (the “Private Placement”) at a purchase price of $4.00 per share. We granted to the investors in the Private Placement registration rights requiring us to register those shares of common stock for public resale. The then existing stockholders of Transphorm Technology also became entitled to such registration rights. The aggregate gross proceeds from the closings of the Private Placement were $21.5 million (before deducting placement agent fees and expenses of such closings, which were an aggregate of $1.8 million).
The issuance of common stock in the Private Placement was not registered under the Securities Act, in
reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated by the SEC. The common stock issued in the Private Placement was sold to “accredited investors,” as defined in Regulation D, and was conducted on a “reasonable best efforts” basis.
Common Stock
Common stockholders are entitled to dividends, as and when declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to the priority dividend rights of the holders of other classes of stock. There have been no dividends declared to date. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.
At March 31, 2020, the Company has reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:
| Stock option plans | |||||
| Common stock warrants | |||||
| Total | |||||
Common Stock Warrants
| Number of Shares | Exercise Price | Expiration Date | ||||||||||||
| $ | November 2020 | |||||||||||||
| $ | 5 years after an initial public offering of the Company | |||||||||||||
| $ | 5 years after an initial public offering of the Company | |||||||||||||
Note 10 - Stock Option Plans
Subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2020 Plan, and the automatic increase described in the 2020 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2020 Plan is 5,050,000 shares of our common stock, which includes (i) 2,588,077 shares initially reserved for issuance, plus (ii) any shares of our common stock subject to issued and outstanding awards under Transphorm 2007 Plan or 2015 Plan that were assumed in the Merger and that, on or after the closing of the Merger, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised or issued in full, are tendered to or withheld by us for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations, or are forfeited to or repurchased by us due to failure to vest, with the maximum number of shares to be added to the 2020 Plan pursuant to this clause (ii) equal to 2,461,923 shares. Subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2020 Plan, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with our 2022 fiscal year and ending on (and including) our 2030 fiscal year, in an amount equal to the least of:
| Number of Shares Available for Grant | Number of Options Outstanding | Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options authorized | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options exercised | — | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options canceled | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at March 31, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options canceled | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at March 31, 2019 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, there was $339 thousand and $703 thousand, respectively, of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to stock options granted to employees under the 2007 Plan and the 2015 Plan. As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, the unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 1.0 year and 1.5 years, respectively.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 11 - Related Party Transactions
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company entered into the following related party transactions:
•Recorded $111 thousand in cost of goods sold for services, recorded research and development expense of $245 thousand, of which $177 thousand was reimbursable, recorded $84 thousand in other expense for commitment for services, and received reimbursement of payroll related costs of $14 thousand from the joint venture with AFSW;
•Sold $13 thousand of products to non-controlling stockholders of the Company and incurred $50 thousand of license maintenance fee from a non-controlling stockholder of the Company; and
•Recorded $37 thousand in license fee income, recorded $152 thousand in interest expense, recorded $177 thousand reimbursement for research and development, and sold $344 thousand of products to a stockholder and noteholder of the Company.
As of March 31, 2020, total accounts receivable due from related parties was $8.1 million, consisting of $7.2 million due from the joint venture with AFSW, $15 thousand accounts receivable from non-controlling stockholders of the Company and $733 thousand accounts receivable, $150 thousand other receivable and $113 thousand deferred revenue from a stockholder and noteholder of the Company. As of March 31, 2020, total accounts payable to related parties was $166 thousand to non-controlling stockholders of the Company.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company entered into the following related party transactions:
•Recorded $59 thousand in cost of goods sold for services, recorded research and development expense of $132 thousand, recorded $18 thousand in other expense for commitment for services, and incurred $5 thousand for employees and their benefits seconded from the joint venture with AFSW;
•Sold $121 thousand of products to non-controlling stockholders of the Company, incurred $50 thousand of license maintenance fee to non-controlling stockholder, and incurred $20 thousand for employees and their related benefits seconded from a non-controlling stockholder of the Company; and
•Recorded $38 thousand in license fee income, recorded $150 thousand in interest expense and sold $6 thousand of products to a stockholder and noteholder of the Company. See Note 2- Nexperia Arrangements.
As of December 31, 2019, total accounts receivable due from related parties was $5.8 million, consisting of $5.3 million due from the joint venture with AFSW, $38 thousand accounts receivable from non-controlling stockholders of the Company and $426 thousand accounts receivable from a stockholder and noteholder of the Company. As of December 31, 2019, total accounts payable due to related parties was $272 thousand to non-controlling stockholders of the Company.
Note 12 - Subsequent Events
Development Loan
On April 8, 2020, Amendment No. 3 to the LSA was executed to extend the maturity of the Tranche A loan of $5.0 million to April 30, 2020, and on April 28, 2020, Amendment No. 4 to the LSA was executed to further extend the maturity of the Tranche A loan to June 30, 2020. All other terms set forth under the original LSA remained unchanged following the amendment.
Investment in AFSW
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this Report. Management’s Discussion is designed to provide an understanding of our operations and financial performance and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2020. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 is derived from audited financial statements. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Report. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements.
Overview
Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, references to “Transphorm,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar terms refer to Transphorm, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
We are a pioneer, and a market and technology leader, in the wide-bandgap gallium nitride (“GaN”) power electronics field with high performance and high reliability GaN devices for high voltage power conversion applications. We deliver high quality and reliable GaN devices with high performance, while providing application design support to a growing customer base. We deploy our unique vertically-integrated innovation model that leverages one of the industry’s most experienced GaN engineering teams (with over 300 years of combined experience) at every development stage: device design, materials growth, device fabrication, packaging, circuits and application support. This approach, backed by one of the GaN power industry’s largest IP portfolios with access to over 1,000 world-wide patents, has yielded the industry’s first JEDEC and AEC-Q101-qualified high voltage GaN FETs, and to date, the only AEC-Q101-qualified GaN FETs with comprehensive qualification data reports in place. Our innovations are designed to move power electronics beyond the limitations of silicon and provide our customers with the potential to achieve high efficiency (e.g., Titanium-class performance in power supplies), high power density and, in some designs, an overall lower system cost.
We received our first product order “in volume” (e.g., greater than ten thousand units) for our Gen-2-based TO247 products in January 2018. We introduced our Gen-3 products in June 2018. Also in 2018, we were awarded a contract from the U.S. Navy to become a supplier for GaN epiwafer products for use by the U.S. Department of
Defense. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we recognized $9.0 million of licensing revenue through our first outbound licensing deal with Nexperia B.V. (“Nexperia”).
Since our inception we have devoted substantial resources to the research and development of GaN power devices and the protection and enhancement of our intellectual property and have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $4.2 million and $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, our accumulated deficit was $148.1 million. Substantially all of our operating losses have resulted from expenses incurred in connection research and development activities and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations.
To date, our revenue has been significantly lower than our expenses. Our revenue was $1.1 million and $529 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. We expect our expenses will increase in connection with our ongoing activities as we:
•add sales and field applications personnel and incur related expenses to support operational growth;
•increase activity directly related to promoting our products to increase revenue; and
•add financial accounting and management systems and select personnel and incur additional legal and accounting expense as we operate as a public company.
Recent Developments
Reverse Merger
On February 12, 2020, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Peninsula Acquisition Sub, Inc., a corporation formed in the State of Delaware (“Acquisition Sub”), merged with and into Transphorm Technology (formerly known as Transphorm, Inc.), the corporate existence of Acquisition Sub ceased, and Transphorm Technology became our wholly-owned subsidiary (such transaction, the “Merger”). As a result of the Merger, we acquired the business of Transphorm Technology. The Merger was effective as of February 12, 2020, upon the filing of a Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Immediately after completion of the Merger, we adopted Transphorm Technology’s former company name, “Transphorm, Inc.”, as our company name.
The Merger was treated as a recapitalization and reverse acquisition for us for financial reporting purposes, and Transphorm Technology is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes.
As a result of the Merger and the change in our business and operations, a discussion of the past financial results of Peninsula Acquisition Corporation is not pertinent, and under applicable accounting principles, the historical financial results of Transphorm Technology, the accounting acquirer, prior to the Merger are considered our historical financial results.
At the Effective Time, (i) each share of Transphorm Technology’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was converted into the right to receive (a) 0.08289152527 shares of our common stock (in the case of shares held by accredited investors) or (b) $4.00 multiplied by the Common Stock Conversion Ratio (in the case of shares held by unaccredited investors), with the actual number of shares of our common stock issued to the former holders of Transphorm Technology’s common stock equal to 4,171,571, (ii) 51,680,254 shares of Transphorm Technology’s Series 1 preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were converted into 12,433,953 shares of our common stock, (iii) 38,760,190 shares of Transphorm Technology’s Series 2 preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were converted into 7,499,996 shares of our common stock, and (iv) 31,850,304 shares of Transphorm Technology’s Series 3 preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were converted into 4,000,000 shares of our common stock. As a result, 28,105,520 shares of our common stock were issued to the former holders of Transphorm Technology’s issued and outstanding capital stock after adjustments due
to rounding for fractional shares. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, an aggregate of 682,699 shares of our common stock, owned by the stockholders of Peninsula Acquisition Corporation prior to the Merger, were forfeited and cancelled (the “Stock Forfeiture”).
In addition, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) options to purchase 29,703,285 shares of Transphorm Technology’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger under Transphorm Technology’s 2007 Stock Plan and 2015 Equity Incentive Plan were assumed and converted into options to purchase 2,461,923 shares of our common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase 186,535 shares of Transphorm Technology’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger were assumed, amended and converted into warrants to purchase 15,461 shares of our common stock, and (iii) Transphorm Technology’s outstanding convertible promissory note was amended to be convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $5.12 per share, with 3,076,171 being the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible promissory note. As of March 31, 2020, there was $15.0 million of principal and $373 thousand of accrued and unpaid interest outstanding on the convertible promissory note.
As discussed in Note 9 - Stockholders’ Equity to the condensed consolidated financial statements, all per share and share amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and year ended December 31, 2019 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Merger.
Private Placement
On February 12, 2020 and February 27, 2020, we sold an aggregate of 5,380,000 shares of common stock pursuant to closings of a private placement offering (the “Private Placement”) for up to 12,500,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $4.00 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds from the closings of the Private Placement were $21.5 million (before deducting placement agent fees and expenses of such closings, which were an aggregate of $1.8 million). Offering cost of $177 thousand is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
There are a number of industry factors that affect our business which include, among others:
Overall Demand for Products and Applications using GaN devices. Our potential for growth depends significantly on the adoption of GaN materials and devices in the power markets and GaN epiwafer material products in the RF markets, the expansion of the use of GaN devices in Infrastructure, IT, Data Centers, Industrial and Consumer adapter applications and our ability to win new designs for these applications. Demand also fluctuates based on various market cycles, continuously evolving industry supply chains, trade and tariff terms, as well as evolving competitive dynamics in each of the respective markets. These uncertainties make demand difficult to forecast for us and our customers. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely disrupted and will further disrupt the operations at certain of our customers, partners, suppliers and other third-party providers for an uncertain period of time, including as a result of travel restrictions, adverse effects on budget planning processes, business deterioration, and/or business shutdowns, all of which has impacted our business and results of operations. Some of our customers have experienced delays in their internal development programs and design cycles with our GaN products due to the effects of COVID-19, which have led to postponements of their orders of our products and postponements of determinations that our products will be used in their designs for new products under development with corresponding delays in their market introduction and our revenues. Our billings under our contract with the U.S. Navy may be lower than originally expected as a result of the pandemic.
Intense and Constantly Evolving Competitive Environment. Competition in the industries we serve is intense. Many companies have made significant investments in product development and production equipment. To remain competitive, market participants must continuously increase product performance, reduce costs and develop improved ways to serve their customers. To address these competitive pressures, we have invested in research and
development activities to support new product development, lower product costs and deliver higher levels of performance to differentiate our products in the market.
Governmental Trade and Regulatory Conditions. Our potential for growth, as with most multi-national companies, depends on a balanced and stable trade, political, economic and regulatory environment among the countries where we do business. Changes in trade policy such as the imposition of tariffs or export bans to specific customers or countries could reduce or limit demand for our products in certain markets.
Technological Innovation and Advancement. Innovations and advancements in materials and power technologies continue to expand the potential commercial application for our products. However, new technologies or standards could emerge or improvements could be made in existing technologies that could reduce or limit the demand for our products in certain markets.
Intellectual Property Issues. We rely on patented and non-patented proprietary information relating to product development, manufacturing capabilities and other core competencies of our business. Protection of intellectual property is critical. Therefore, steps such as additional patent applications, confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, as well as other security measures are important. While we have a strong patent portfolio comprising access to over 1,000 worldwide patents (directly owned or licensed) and there is no actual or, to our knowledge, threatened litigation against us for patent-related matters, litigation or threatened litigation is a common method to effectively enforce or protect intellectual property rights. Such action may be initiated by or against us and would require significant management time and expenses.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Our revenue currently consists of (1) licensing revenue, (2) government revenue from our contract with the U.S. Navy and (3) revenue from product sales. Products are sold to distributors and end-users in various sectors such as, but not limited to, the automotive, gaming, industrial, IT, and consumer products industries.
Operating Expenses
Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold consists of (1) direct product costs incurred for the raw materials and manufacturing services for our products, (2) fixed product costs primarily relating to production, manufacturing and personnel and (3) depreciation and amortization expenses consisting primarily of expenses related to our fixed assets together with amortization of our intangible assets. We expect our cost of goods sold attributable to direct product costs to increase proportionately with increases in revenue, and our cost of goods sold attributable to fixed product costs to remain substantially flat or moderately increase in connection with increases in revenue.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and employee benefits as well as costs associated with design, fabrication, packaging and testing of GaN devices. In addition, research and development expenses include depreciation expenses related to our fixed assets. We expense research and development expenses as incurred. As we continue to invest in developing our technology for new products, we expect research and development expenses to remain flat or moderately increase in absolute dollars but to decline as a percentage of revenue.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and employee benefits, and associated travel costs. Sales and marketing expenses also include costs associated with our support of business development efforts with distributors in Europe and Asia, and costs related to trade shows and marketing programs. We expense sales and marketing expenses as incurred. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future periods as we increase our sales and expand our sales force and our marketing organization.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation, employee benefits and travel. In addition, general and administrative expenses include third-party consulting, legal, audit, accounting services, allocations of overhead costs, such as rent, facilities and information technology, and amortization of our intangible assets. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future periods due to additional legal, accounting, insurance, investor relations and other costs associated with being a public company, as well as other costs associated with growing our business.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of interest and amortization of related costs associated with our debts with Nexperia and Yaskawa, respectively.
Equity Loss in Joint Venture
Equity loss in joint venture consists of expenditures to cover the losses associated with our 49% share ownership of AFSW. The potential magnitude of this loss may increase or decrease in the future based upon changes in our shareholding percentage in AFSW and the level of operating expenses incurred by AFSW.
Changes in Fair Value of Promissory Note
Changes in the fair value of promissory note reflect valuation changes in the notes held by the company. Offering costs are expensed as incurred.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net of other expenses, consists primarily of income generated from renting a component of the research and development facility we have at 115 Castilian Drive, Goleta, California.
Tax Expense
Tax expense consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our historical condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Amount | Percentage | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue, net | $ | 1,100 | $ | 529 | $ | 571 | 107.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 1,455 | 1,404 | 51 | 3.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 1,466 | 2,182 | (716) | (32.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 518 | 851 | (333) | (39.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 3,092 | 1,251 | 1,841 | 147.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 6,531 | 5,688 | 843 | 14.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (5,431) | (5,159) | (272) | 5.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 189 | 187 | 2 | 1.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss in joint venture | 1,419 | 1,127 | 292 | 25.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of promissory note | (2,321) | 33 | (2,354) | (7133.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (531) | (136) | (395) | 290.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before tax expense | (4,187) | (6,370) | 2,183 | (34.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense | — | — | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (4,187) | $ | (6,370) | $ | 2,183 | (34.3) | % | |||||||||||||||
Revenue increased $571 thousand, or 107.9 percent, to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $529 thousand for the same period in 2019. The increase is due primarily to an increase of $414 thousand in government contract revenue with the U.S. Navy for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Operating expenses increased $843 thousand, or 14.8 percent, to $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $5.7 million for the same period in 2019, due primarily to a $1.8 million increase in general and administrative expense, offset by decreases in research and development expense and sales and marketing expense.
Cost of goods sold increased $51 thousand, or 3.6 percent, to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared with $1.4 million for the same period in 2019.
Research and development expense decreased $716 thousand, or 32.8 percent, to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $2.2 million for the same period in 2019, due primarily to allocation of research and development expense to cost of goods sold with an increase in revenue.
Sales and marketing expense decreased $333 thousand, or 39.1 percent, to $518 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $851 thousand for the same period in 2019, due primarily to a decrease in salaries, employee benefits and travel costs resulting from a reduced number of employees.
General and administrative expense increased $1.8 million, or 147.2 percent, to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.3 million for the same period in 2019, due primarily to an increase in legal and compliance costs related to the Merger and the Private Placement.
Interest expense of $189 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consists of $152 thousand for our revolving credit facility with Nexperia and $37 thousand for our note payable to Yaskawa. Interest expense of $187 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 consists of $150 thousand for our revolving credit facility and $37 thousand for our note payable to Yaskawa.
Loss in joint venture increased $292 thousand, or 25.9 percent, to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.1 million for the same period in 2019, due primarily to an increased loss resulting from the decreased utilization of the AFSW fabrication facility.
Changes in fair value of promissory note were a $2.3 million gain and a $33 thousand loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, due to the change in fair value of the promissory note.
Other income, net of other expenses, increased $395 thousand, or 290.4 percent, to $531 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $136 thousand for the same period in 2019, due primarily to $505 thousand income generated from renting a component of our research and development facility.
Net loss decreased $2.2 million, or 34.3 percent, to $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $6.4 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was attributable primarily to a $2.4 million positive change in fair value of promissory note, $571 thousand increase in revenue and $716 thousand decrease in research and development expense, offset primarily by a $1.1 million increase in general and administrative expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2020, we had cash on hand of $14.6 million, other current assets of $3.9 million and current liabilities of $30.4 million, resulting in negative working capital of $12.0 million. As of March 31, 2020, the negative working capital included development loans of $15.0 million and revolving credit facility, including accrued interest, of $10.6 million.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has generated recurring losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit and a working capital deficiency. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through at least December 2020.
We plan to raise additional working capital to fund operations through the issuance of stock to investors, license of intellectual property and/or issuance of notes payable. On February 12, 2020, we sold an aggregate of 5,365,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $4.00 per share pursuant to the Private Placement and, on February 27, 2020, we sold an additional 15,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $4.00 per share. We believe that the net proceeds of $19.7 million from the Private Placement and our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our current operating plans through at least December 2020.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to raise significant additional capital to fund operating losses until we are able to generate liquidity from our business operations. To the extent sufficient financing is not available, we may not be able to, or may be delayed in, developing our offerings and meeting our obligations. We will continue to evaluate our projected expenditures relative to our available cash and evaluate financing alternatives in order to satisfy our working capital and other cash requirements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash generated by issuing new shares and promissory notes and, more recently, cash generated from operations.
On April 4, 2018, we entered into a multi-element commercial arrangement with Nexperia in order to raise an aggregate of $50.0 million in financing with approximately 9.9% equity dilution (on a fully-diluted basis) in
exchange for performing certain technology and product development activities for Nexperia. The commercial arrangement includes a Loan and Security Agreement (“LSA”) with Nexperia, which provides for term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million and an additional $9.0 million loan commitment. During 2018, as a result of the arrangement with Nexperia, we received $29.0 million, consisting of $16.0 million, $10.0 million and $3.0 million from issuing convertible preferred stock, borrowing under a revolving credit facility and recording deferred revenue of license fee, respectively. During 2019, we received the remaining $21.0 million, consisting of $15.0 million from borrowing under the LSA and $6.0 million in licensing revenue. See Note 2 - Nexperia Arrangement to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our revenue growth rate, billing frequency, the impact of COVID-19, the timing and extent of spending to support further sales and marketing and research and development efforts, whether we are able to extend the maturity date of loans under the LSA with Nexperia and whether Yaskawa will elect to convert its convertible promissory note into our common stock in lieu of repayment. Our obligations in connection with AFSW will also impact our capital requirements. FSL’s exercise of its put option and our consequent obligation to become the sole owner of AFSW (assuming regulatory approvals are obtained) will substantially increase our operating expenses and cash requirements, including as a result of our agreement to use our best efforts to maintain and continue the operations of AFSW for at least one year following the date on which we take over full ownership of AFSW. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services and technologies, including intellectual property rights. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.
Cash Flows
As of March 31, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents were $14.6 million. The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by: | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | (6,151) | $ | (5,351) | $ | (800) | |||||||||||
| Investing activities | (1,548) | (189) | (1,359) | ||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | 19,498 | 5,000 | 14,498 | ||||||||||||||
| Decrease in cash and cash equivalents excluding effect of foreign exchange rate changes | $ | 11,799 | $ | (540) | $ | 12,339 | |||||||||||
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $6.2 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $800 thousand was attributable primarily to a $2.4 million change in fair value of promissory note and $767 thousand change in prepaid expenses and other current assets, offset by a $2.2 million increase in net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $1.5 million and $189 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from the investment in joint venture.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $19.5 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 relates to aggregate net proceeds of $19.7 million from the closings of the Private Placement. Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 relates to net proceeds of $5.0 million from our development loan with Nexperia.
Nexperia Loan and Security Agreement
On April 4, 2018, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (“LSA”) with Nexperia. The LSA provides for term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million, which term loans are available in tranches (Tranche A, Tranche B and Tranche B-1) and subject to the satisfaction of specified conditions. As of December 31, 2019, $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of term loans were outstanding under the LSA. The LSA also provides for a $10.0 million Tranche C Loan commitment, which Tranche C Loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed subject to the terms and conditions of the LSA. As of December 31, 2019, $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of Tranche C Loans were outstanding under the LSA. The proceeds of the loans under the LSA may be used as set forth therein for development work related to the Development and License Agreement (“DLA”) between us and Nexperia, dated as of April 4, 2018, the repayment of specified debt and for general corporate purposes.
The Tranche A Loans were scheduled to mature on the earlier of the date a specified report is required to be delivered under the DLA or March 31, 2020, which was subsequently extended to June 30, 2020, and is subject to further extension as provided in the LSA. The Tranche B Loans and Tranche B-1 Loans mature on the earlier of the date a specified report is required to be delivered under the DLA or March 31, 2021, subject to extension as provided in the LSA. The Tranche C commitments terminate, and the Tranche C Loans mature, on April 4, 2021.
Loans under the LSA bear interest at the rate of 6.0% per annum. Interest is payable quarterly, on the date of any prepayment or repayment and on each maturity date for the loans then maturing. A commitment fee on the unused portion of the Tranche C loan commitment accrues at the rate of 0.7% per annum and is payable quarterly.
Our obligations under the LSA are secured by a security interest on certain U.S. patents not relating to MOCVD or epiwafer technology.
The LSA contains customary affirmative covenants, including delivery of financial statements, compliance with laws, and maintenance of insurance and properties, and certain negative covenants, including restrictions on liens on the collateral and restrictions on the disposition and licensing of any patent constituting collateral under the LSA. We obtained a waiver for a non-financial covenant violation in June 2019 in connection with the delivery of our 2018 audited financial statements. The LSA also contains customary events of default including, among others, payment defaults, breaches of covenants defaults, the occurrence of a material adverse change, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, cross defaults with certain material indebtedness, judgment defaults, and the occurrence of a change of control. In addition, an event of default will occur if the DLA is terminated under certain circumstances or we fail to timely deliver reports related to statements of work under the DLA. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance an event of default, Nexperia may declare all or a portion of our outstanding obligations to be immediately due and payable and exercise other rights and remedies provided for under the LSA. If specified events of default occur and remain continuing for more than 30 consecutive days, we are required to assign the patents constituting collateral to Nexperia in satisfaction of our obligations under the LSA. During the existence of an event of default, interest on the obligations could be increased to 3.0% above the otherwise applicable interest rate.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following is a summary of our significant contractual obligations as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):
| Within One Year | More than One Year and Less Than Three Years | More than Three Years and Less Than Five Years | More than Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligation | $ | 552 | $ | 732 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,284 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Development loans | 5,000 | 10,000 | — | — | 15,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revolving credit facility | 10,610 | — | — | — | 10,610 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Promissory note (1) | — | 15,748 | — | — | 15,748 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 16,162 | $ | 26,480 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 42,642 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Consists of aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million of the convertible promissory note issued to Yaskawa.
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions
We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to either early adopt or delay the adoption of some accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic and current reports that we file with the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon, and as of the date of, this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we identified two material weaknesses, one of which relates to the fact that certain members of our finance team and personnel are able to operate across a number of different functions and have user access that gives rise to segregation of duties risks in connection with our information technology infrastructure. Access to systems has subsequently been restricted and access will be managed by independent personnel. The other material weakness relates to a lack of evidence to support review work and oversight procedures. Formal review processes and meetings are being introduced in addition to the creation of a specific role in the finance team to review documentation and prepare evidence of such review. These material weaknesses have a pervasive impact on various activity level and financial reporting cycles. We will need to take additional measures to fully remediate these issues.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. We are not currently a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. We face a variety of risks that may affect our operations or financial results and many of those risks are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict. Investors should carefully consider the risks described below and all of the other information set forth in this Report, before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the risks described below occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the market price of our common stock would likely decline and investors could lose all or a part of their investment. Only those investors who can bear the risk of loss of their entire investment should consider an investment in our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our operations.
Risks Related to our Business and the Industry in Which We Operate
We have a history of losses, anticipate increasing our operating expenses in the future, and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability. If we cannot achieve or maintain profitability, stockholders could lose all or part of their investment.
Since our inception in 2007, we have generated minimal revenue and substantial net losses as we have devoted our resources to the development of our technology, and our business model has not been proven. As of March 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $148.1 million. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we expand our sales and marketing efforts and continue to invest in our infrastructure and research and development of our technologies. These efforts may be more costly than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenue to offset our increased operating expenses or obtain additional contracts from the federal government. Our revenue growth may be slower than anticipated or our revenue may decline for a number of other reasons, including slower growth of, or reduced demand for, gallium nitride (GaN) power management solutions, increased competition, or any failure to capitalize on growth opportunities. If we are unable to generate sufficient revenue, we may never become profitable or be able to maintain any future profitability. If this were to occur, our stockholders could lose all or part of their investment.
Our ability to continue as a going concern will depend on us being able to raise significant additional capital to fund our operations, which may be unavailable on attractive terms, if at all, and could dilute your investment.
As of March 31, 2020, our recurring operating losses and our current operating plans raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern through at least December 2020. Our independent registered public accounting firm issued their audit report, on the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, which included an explanatory paragraph as to our ability to continue as a going concern. While we believe that the net proceeds of $19.7 million from the private placement offering we completed in February 2020 (the “Private Placement”) and our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our current operating plans through at least December 2020, we have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could spend our available financial resources much faster than we currently expect and need to raise additional funds sooner than we anticipate.
For example, we are party to a joint venture agreement with Fujitsu Semiconductor Limited (“FSL”) for the ownership and operations of Aizu Fujitsu Semiconductor Wafer Solutions (“AFSW”), a wafer fabrication facility located in Aizu Wakamatsu, Japan. We currently hold a 49% interest in AFSW. For as long as we have had an ownership interest in AFSW, it has operated at a loss. The unaudited operating losses incurred by AFSW over the 12-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020 were approximately $6.8 million and $8.4 million, respectively. Such losses reflect shortfall payments of $0.5 million and $7.0 million received by AFSW in 2019 and 2020, respectively, from us and from FSL in aggregate. We expect that these payments from us and from FSL will not continue to be paid in the future. On April 1, 2020, FSL exercised its put option under the joint venture agreement and notified us that FSL intended to exit the joint venture by selling its 51% interest in AFSW to us. Under the terms of the joint venture agreement, the aggregate purchase price for FSL’s interest in AFSW is expected to be one Japanese Yen. While the joint venture agreement with FSL provides that completion of the transaction shall take place as soon as 60 days from the date of the exercise notice, we expect such transaction will be subject to regulatory and other approvals in Japan that we believe will take six to 12 months to obtain, if such approval is received. If we become the sole owner of AFSW and it continues to operate at a loss at such time (which we currently expect to be the case), our cash flows would be significantly negatively impacted. In addition, for at least one year following the date on which we take over full ownership of AFSW, we have agreed to use our best efforts to maintain and continue the operations of AFSW, which would continue to negatively affect our cash flow. We are currently exploring the possibility of inviting one or more third parties to be a partner in AFSW. Based on our current and future cash flow requirements and business needs at that time, we expect that by the time we have to take full ownership of AFSW, we may have to also consider other options including but not limited to raising more capital selling AFSW to a third party, or moving our GaN production elsewhere and ceasing operations at AFSW.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact or slow down any efforts by us to secure a partner or additional business for AFSW.
Similarly, we issued the Yaskawa Note in the aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million that is convertible, in whole or in part at Yaskawa’s option, into shares of our common stock (subject to a maximum of 3,076,171 shares) at a conversion price of $5.12 per share. If Yaskawa does not elect to convert the Yaskawa Note into shares of our common stock, we will be required to pay the outstanding principal and interest on the Yaskawa Note by the earlier of September 30, 2022 or the occurrence of an event of default or a change of control of us, which will also negatively impact our cash flows and may affect our ability to continue as a going concern if we do not raise significant additional capital before that time.
We are also party to a loan and security agreement (the “LSA”) with Nexperia B.V. (“Nexperia”), pursuant to which we have outstanding term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million, separated into tranches for pre-funded projects, and a $10.0 million revolving loan which bears 6% annual interest. The first tranche loan of $5.0 million under the LSA matures on June 30, 2020. If we are not able to complete the milestones under, or extend the maturity date of or otherwise amend the terms of such loan, our near-term cash resources and our ability to continue as a going concern will be significantly affected.
Our ability to continue as a going concern will depend on us being able to raise significant additional capital to fund our operations and achieve our business objectives, as we do not expect to generate material revenue in the short-term. Accordingly, we expect to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we undergo one or more additional equity or convertible debt financings, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests, the rights given to new equityholders may be superior to those of our common stockholders and the per share value of our common stock could decline. Furthermore, if we engage in debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority over the holders of our common stock, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to run our business or incur additional indebtedness. The debt financing could also contain restrictive covenants that may impact how we run our business and could result in the loan being paid back in full immediately if we are in non-compliance. In addition, if we are unable to raise additional capital when needed or on acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among other things:
•Continue our business and operations;
•develop or enhance our products;
•continue to expand our sales and marketing and research and development organizations;
•acquire complementary technologies, products or businesses;
•expand operations, in the United States or internationally;
•hire, train and retain employees; or
•respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements.
Our failure to do any of these things could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations or affect our ability to continue as a going concern.
Our quarterly results of operations are likely to vary from period to period, which could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate or decline.
Our results of operations have varied from period to period, and we expect that our quarterly results of operations will continue to vary as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including:
•our ability to attract new and retain existing customers, including due to our perceived or actual financial condition;
•the budgeting cycles and purchasing practices of customers;
•the timing and length of our sales cycles, including the ability of our customers to design-in successfully with GaN power solutions;
•changes in customer requirements or market needs, including market acceptance of GaN technology;
•the timing and impact of new product introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive landscape of the semiconductor industry, including consolidation among our customers or competitors;
•deferral of orders from customers in anticipation of new products or product enhancements announced by us or our competitors;
•our ability to execute on our growth strategy and operating plans;
•our ability to successfully expand our business domestically and internationally;
•our ability to successfully compete with other companies in our market;
•changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;
•any disruption in, or termination of, our relationship with channel partners;
•insolvency or credit difficulties confronting our customers, affecting their ability to purchase or pay for our products, or confronting our key suppliers, which could disrupt our supply chain;
•the cost and potential outcomes of potential future litigation;
•general economic conditions, both domestic and in our foreign markets; and
•the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the expansion of our business.
Any of the above factors, individually or in the aggregate, may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results. As a result of this variability, our historical results of operations should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Moreover, this variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to follow through on our operating plans or meet the expectations of investors for any period. If we fail to follow through on our operating plans or meet such expectations for these or other reasons, the market price of our common stock could fall substantially.
Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of health epidemics or pandemic, including the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic, in regions where we or third parties on which we rely have manufacturing or other business operations.
The effects of health epidemics or pandemic could materially affect our operations globally, including at our headquarters in California and at our subsidiaries in Japan. For example, in December 2019, an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) originated in Wuhan, China and has since spread globally . On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. As a result, most states in the United States, including California, where we are headquartered, have declared a state of emergency and required non-essential businesses to close. Our business is being impacted by COVID-19. The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders, and business shutdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely disrupted and will further disrupt the operations at certain of our customers, partners, suppliers and other third-party providers for an uncertain period of time, including as a result of travel restrictions, adverse effects on budget planning processes, business deterioration, and/or business shutdowns, all of which has impacted our business and results of operations. Some of our customers have experienced delays in their internal development programs and design cycles with our GaN products due to the effects of COVID-19,which have led to postponements of their orders of our products and postponements of determinations that our products will be used in their designs for new products under development with corresponding delays in their market introduction and our revenues. The pandemic has also led to expected delays for certain milestones in our development projects that are due in 2021. Our billings under our contract with the U.S. Navy may be lower than originally expected as a result of the pandemic.
We have taken precautionary measures intended to minimize the risk of the virus to our employees, our customers, and the communities in which we operate. We are requiring all of our employees to work remotely unless they cannot perform their essential functions remotely, and have also suspended all non-essential travel for our employees. While many of our employees are accustomed to working remotely or working with other remote employees, much of our workforce has not historically been remote. Our employees and consultants typically travel frequently to establish and maintain relationships with one another, our customers and prospective customers, partners, and investors. Although we continue to monitor the situation and may adjust our current policies as more information and public health guidance becomes available, temporarily suspending travel and restricting the ability to do business in person has impacted our customer success efforts, sales and marketing efforts, and may challenge our ability to enter into customer contracts in a timely manner, slow down our recruiting efforts, or create operational or other challenges, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if a natural disaster, power outage, connectivity issue, or other event occurred that impacted our employees’ ability to work remotely, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, not possible, for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time.
There are no comparable recent events which may provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. Some of our suppliers of certain materials used in the production of our products are located in areas impacted by COVID-19, which could limit our ability to obtain sufficient materials for our products. Furthermore, the pandemic may negatively impact any efforts by us to secure a partner or additional
business for AFSW. COVID-19 has and will continue to adversely affect global economies and financial markets, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products and impact our operating results. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of the continued global economic impact of the pandemic. Any of the foregoing could significantly harm our business, and we cannot anticipate all of the ways in which health epidemics such as COVID-19 could adversely impact our business.
We may not be able to develop new technologies and products to satisfy changes in customer demand or industry standards, and our competitors could develop products that decrease the demand for our products.
Rapidly changing technologies and industry standards, along with frequent new product introductions, characterize the industries of many of our customers and potential customers. Our financial performance depends, in part, on our ability to design, develop, manufacture, assemble, test, market and support new products and enhancements on a timely and cost-effective basis.
Our products have not been proven commercially on the scale of conventional power semiconductor products. The principal focus of our research and development activities has been to improve processes and support our ongoing development of GaN power management solutions. These projects are subject to various risks and uncertainties we are not able to control, including changes in customer demand or industry standards and the introduction of new or superior technologies by others. Moreover, any failure by us in the future to develop new technologies or timely react to changes in existing technologies could materially delay our development of new products, which could result in product obsolescence, decreased revenues and a loss of our market share to our competitors. In addition, products or technologies developed by others may render our products or technologies obsolete or non-competitive. Further, if our products are not in compliance with prevailing industry standards, such non-compliance could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
We must commit resources to development, design and production prior to receipt of purchase commitments and could lose some or all of the associated investment.
Our sales are typically made pursuant to individual purchase orders, rather than pursuant to long-term supply contracts. Many of these purchase orders may be revised or canceled without penalty. As a result, we typically must commit resources to the design, development, and production of products without any advance purchase commitments from customers. Any inability to sell a product after we devote resources to it could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
We compete in highly competitive markets, and competitive pressures from existing and new companies may adversely impact our business and operating results.
The markets in which we compete are highly competitive. We expect competition to intensify in the future as existing competitors and new market entrants introduce new products into our markets. This competition could result in increased pricing pressure, reduced profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses, and the loss of market share, any of which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we do not keep pace with product and technology advances and otherwise keep our product offerings competitive, there could be a material and adverse effect on our competitive position, revenue and prospects for growth. Many of our existing competitors, such as silicon-based product providers (e.g., ST Microelectronics, ON Semiconductor, and Mitubishi), silicon carbide-based product providers (e.g., Rohm, United Silicon Carbide and Cree) and other high-voltage GaN product providers (e.g., Power Integrations, Infineon, GaN Systems, Navitas and Texas Instruments), have, and some of our potential competitors could have, substantial competitive advantages such as:
•greater name recognition, longer operating histories and larger customer bases;
•larger sales and marketing budgets and resources;
•broader distribution and established relationships with channel partners and customers;
•broader and deeper product lines;
•greater customer support resources;
•greater resources to make acquisitions;
•lower labor and research and development costs;
•substantially greater financial and other resources; and
•larger scale manufacturing operations.
In addition, some of our larger competitors have substantially broader product offerings and may be able to leverage their relationships with channel partners and customers based on other products to gain business in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our products, including by selling at zero or negative margins or product bundling. Potential customers may also prefer to purchase from their existing suppliers rather than a new supplier regardless of product performance or features. As a result, even if the features of our products are superior, customers may not purchase our products. In addition, innovative start-up companies, and larger companies that are making significant investments in research and development, may invent similar or superior products and technologies that compete with our products. Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources. If we are unable to compete successfully, or if competing successfully requires us to take costly actions in response to the actions of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We rely on third-party channel partners to sell our products. If our partners fail to perform, our ability to sell our products and services could be limited, and if we fail to optimize our channel partner model going forward, our operating results could be harmed.
A substantial portion of our revenue is generated through sales by our channel partners, which include distributors and resellers. To the extent our channel partners are unsuccessful in selling our products, we are unable to enter into arrangements with, and retain, a sufficient number of effective channel partners in each of the regions in which we sell products or we are unable to keep our channel partners motivated to sell our products, our ability to sell our products and our operating results could be harmed. The termination of our relationship with any significant channel partner may adversely impact our sales and operating results.
We rely on limited sources of wafer fabrication, packaged products fabrication and product testing, the loss of which could delay and limit our product shipments.
In 2019, our partly-owned fabrication facility through AFSW satisfied all of our GaN fab-wafer requirements (i.e., when a GaN epiwafer undergoes various processes at a wafer fabrication facility). While we believe AFSW has sufficient capacity for our near-term business needs and is reasonably scalable as our demand for throughput increases, any disruption in the AFSW fabrication facilities may severely impact our supply. On April 1, 2020, FSL exercised its put option under the joint venture agreement and notified us that FSL intended to exit the joint venture by selling its 51% interest in AFSW to us. Based on our current and future cash flow requirements and business needs at the time that we take over full ownership of AFSW, the timing of which is uncertain, we may be unable to sustain or continue to operate the AFSW facility. In the event that we are unable to continuously sustain the AFSW fabrication facility, securing supply from another source and adapting our process at such source would lead to a significant set of challenges, additional costs and delays.
We also utilize relatively standard back-side wafer processing services such as wafer-thinning and wafer back-side metalization from foundries in Asia. These suppliers also offer such services to other companies, which may lead to us not having access to adequate capacity for our needs and our customers’ needs. We may have less control over delivery schedules and overall support versus other customers and users of those facilities. If the wafer foundries we use are unable or unwilling to manufacture our products in our required volumes, or at specified times,
we may have to identify and qualify acceptable additional or alternative foundries. This qualification process could typically take three to six months and we may not find sufficient capacity in a timely manner or at an acceptable cost to satisfy our production requirements.
We additionally use outsourced assembly and test providers (“OSAT”) for packaging and testing of our products. We utilize multiple OSATs for various package types and a single OSAT for each type of package. These OSATs may take time, or may be unable, to respond if our throughput demands increase, particularly if we expect a rapid increase in production and could harm our ability to meet unexpected rises in demand in an acceptable time frame. If the OSATs we use are unable or unwilling to package and test our products in our required volumes, or at specified times, we may have to identify and qualify acceptable additional or alternative OSATs. This qualification process would typically take three to nine months and we may not find sufficient capacity in a timely manner or at an acceptable cost to satisfy our production requirements.
Some companies that supply products to our customers are similarly dependent on a limited number of suppliers. These other companies’ products may represent important components of power adapters, inverters and other products into which our products are designed. If these companies are unable to produce the volumes demanded by our customers, our customers may be forced to slow down or halt production on the equipment for which our products are designed, which could materially impact our order levels.
Because we depend on third-party manufacturers to build our products, we are susceptible to manufacturing delays and pricing fluctuations that could prevent us from shipping customer orders on time, if at all, or on a cost-effective basis, which may result in the loss of sales, income and customers.
We depend on third-party manufacturers to build several stages of our products. Our reliance on these third-party manufacturers reduces our control over the manufacturing process and exposes us to risks, including reduced control over quality assurance, product costs, and product supply and timing. Any manufacturing disruption by these third-party manufacturers could severely impair our ability to fulfill orders. Our reliance on third-party manufacturers also creates the potential for infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property. If we are unable to manage our relationships with third-party manufacturers effectively, or if our third-party manufacturers experience delays or disruptions for any reason, increased manufacturing lead-times, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, or if they otherwise fail to meet our future requirements for timely delivery, our ability to ship products to our customers would be severely impaired, and our business and results of operations would be seriously harmed.
Our sales cycles can be long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense. As a result, our revenue is difficult to predict and may vary substantially from period to period, which may cause our results of operations to fluctuate significantly.
Our results of operations may fluctuate, in part, because of the resource intensive nature of our sales efforts, the length and variability of our sales cycle and the short-term difficulty in adjusting our operating expenses. To the extent our competitors develop products that our prospective customers view as equivalent or superior to ours, the average duration of our sales cycles may increase, and our sales efforts may be less successful. Because the length of time required to close a sale varies substantially from customer to customer, it is difficult to predict exactly when, or even if, we will make a sale with a potential customer. As a result, individual sales have, in some cases, occurred in quarters subsequent to or in advance of those we anticipated, or have not occurred at all, which makes it difficult for us to forecast our revenue accurately in any quarter. Because a substantial portion of our expenses are relatively fixed in the short term, our results of operations will suffer if our revenue falls below expectations in a particular quarter, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Our current operations are concentrated in one location and in the event of an earthquake, terrorist attack or other disaster affecting this location or those of our major suppliers, our operations may be interrupted and our business may be harmed.
Our principal executive offices and primary epiwafer operating facilities are situated near Santa Barbara, California, and most of our major suppliers, which are wafer foundries and assembly houses, are located in areas that have been subject to severe earthquakes and are susceptible to other disasters such as tropical storms, typhoons or tsunamis. In the event of a disaster, such as an earthquake and tsunami in Japan, we or one or more of our major suppliers may be temporarily unable to continue operations and may suffer significant property damage. Any interruption in our ability, or that of our major suppliers, to continue operations could delay the development and shipment of our products and have a substantial negative impact on our financial results. As part of our risk management policy, we maintain insurance coverage at levels that we believe are appropriate for our business. However, in the event of an accident or incident at these facilities, we cannot assure you that the amounts or coverage of insurance will be sufficient to satisfy any damages and losses.
We rely on our management team and other key employees and will need additional personnel to grow our business. The loss of one or more key employees or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could harm our business.
Our future success is substantially dependent on our ability to attract, retain and motivate the members of our management team and other key employees throughout our organization. The loss of one or more members of our management team or other key employees could materially impact our sales or our research and development programs and materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our management team members or key employees. Competition for highly skilled personnel is intense. We may not be successful in attracting or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. For positions in our offices near Santa Barbara in particular, we may experience challenges hiring new and mid-level employees in part due to the high local housing costs. Our competitors may be successful in recruiting and hiring members of our management team or other key employees, and it may be difficult for us to find suitable replacements on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all.
If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
We are a development stage company with fewer than 100 employees and are subject to the strains of ongoing development and growth, which has placed significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. To manage any growth effectively, we must continue to improve our operational, financial and management systems and controls by, among other things:
•effectively attracting, training and integrating new employees, particularly members of our sales, applications and research and development teams;
•further improving our key business applications, processes and IT infrastructure to support our business needs;
•enhancing our information and communication systems to ensure that our employees and offices around the world are well coordinated and can effectively communicate with each other and our channel partners and customers; and
•appropriately documenting and testing our IT systems and business processes.
These and other improvements in our systems and controls will require significant capital expenditures and the allocation of valuable management and employee resources. If we fail to implement these improvements effectively, our ability to manage growth and ensure ongoing operation of key business systems would be impaired, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
We are subject to a number of risks associated with international sales and operations.
We have small teams that are engaged in marketing, selling and supporting our products internationally. As a result, we must hire and train experienced personnel to staff and manage our foreign operations. To the extent that we experience difficulties in recruiting, training, managing and retaining international employees, particularly managers and other members of our international sales team, we may experience difficulties in sales productivity in, or market penetration of, foreign markets. We also enter into strategic distributor and reseller relationships with companies in certain international markets where we do not have a local presence. If we are not able to maintain successful strategic distributor and reseller relationships with our international channel partners or recruit additional channel partners, our future success in these international markets could be limited.
We are subject to government regulation, including import, export and economic sanctions laws and regulations that may expose us to liability and increase our costs.
Our products and technology are subject to U.S. export controls, including the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. These regulations may limit the export of our products and technology, and provision of our services outside of the United States, or may require export authorizations, including by license, a license exception, or other appropriate government authorizations and conditions, including annual or semi-annual reporting. Export control and economic sanctions laws may also include prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain of our products to embargoed or sanctioned countries, regions, governments, persons, and entities. In addition, various countries regulate the importation of certain products, through import permitting and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products. The exportation, re-exportation, and importation of our products and technology and the provision of services, including by our partners, must comply with these laws or else we may be adversely affected, through reputational harm, government investigations, penalties, and a denial or curtailment of our ability to export our products and technology. Complying with export control and sanctions laws may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Although we take precautions to prevent our products and technology from being provided in violation of such laws, our products and technology may have previously been, and could in the future be, provided inadvertently in violation of such laws, despite the precautions we take. If we are found to be in violation of U.S. sanctions or export control laws, it could result in substantial fines and penalties for us and for the individuals working for us. Export or import laws or sanctions policies are subject to rapid change and have been the subject of recent U.S. and non-U.S. government actions. Changes in export or import laws or sanctions policies, may adversely impact our operations, delay the introduction and sale of our products in international markets, or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products and technology to certain countries, regions, governments, persons, or entities altogether, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our sales to government customers subject us to uncertainties regarding fiscal funding approvals, renegotiations or terminations at the discretion of the government, as well as audits and investigations, which could result in litigation, penalties and sanctions including early termination, suspension and debarment.
Our multi-year contracts signed with the U.S. federal government, which comprised a component of our revenue in 2019, are generally subject to annual fiscal funding approval and may be renegotiated or terminated at the discretion of the government. Termination, renegotiation or the lack of funding approval for a contract could adversely affect our sales, revenue and reputation. Additionally, our government contracts are generally subject to requirements that are not typically present in commercial contracts, such as various Federal Acquisition Regulation or Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation clauses. These clauses place certain requirements upon us such as compliance with equal opportunity employment, safeguarding of contractor information systems, executive compensation restrictions and reporting of certain lobbying activities. Government contracts are also subject to audits and investigations. Failure to meet contractual requirements could result in various civil and criminal actions and penalties, and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, refund of a portion of fees received, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspensions or debarment from doing business with the government, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering laws in the jurisdictions in which we do business, both domestic and abroad. These laws generally prohibit us and our employees from improperly influencing government officials or commercial parties in order to obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or gain any improper advantage. The FCPA and similar applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws also prohibit our third-party business partners, representatives and agents from engaging in corruption and bribery. We and our third-party business partners, representatives and agents may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. These laws also require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. Any violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, imposition of significant legal fees, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, substantial diversion of management’s attention, drop in stock price or overall adverse consequences to our business, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business may be affected by litigation and government investigations.
We may from time to time receive inquiries and subpoenas and other types of information requests from government authorities and others and we may become subject to claims and other actions related to our business activities. While the ultimate outcome of investigations, inquiries, information requests and legal proceedings is difficult to predict, defense of litigation claims can be expensive, time-consuming and distracting, and adverse resolutions or settlements of those matters may result in, among other things, modification of our business practices, costs and significant payments, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property
Any failure by us to protect our proprietary technologies or maintain the right to use certain technologies may negatively affect our ability to compete.
To compete effectively, we must protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual property rights. We hold numerous patents and have a number of pending patent applications. However, our portfolio of patents evolves as new patents are issued and older patents expire and the expiration of patents could have a negative effect on our ability to prevent competitors from duplicating certain or all of our products.
We might not succeed in obtaining patents from any of our pending applications. Even if we are awarded patents, they may not provide any meaningful protection or commercial advantage to us, as they may not be of sufficient scope or strength, or may not be issued in all countries where our products can be sold. In addition, our competitors may be able to design around our patents.
There can be no assurance that an issued patent will remain valid and enforceable in a court of law through the entire patent term. Should the validity of a patent be challenged, the legal process associated with defending the patent can be costly and time consuming. Issued patents can be subject to oppositions, interferences and other third party challenges that can result in the revocation of the patent or limit patent claims such that patent coverage lacks sufficient breadth to protect subject matter that is commercially relevant. Competitors may be able to circumvent our patents. In cases where market ramp of our products may encounter delays it is possible that some patents or licensed patents covering the product has expired or will be in force for only a short period of time following such market ramp. We cannot predict with any certainty if any third party U.S. or foreign patent rights, or other
proprietary rights, will be deemed infringed by the use of our technology. Nor can we predict with certainty which, if any, of these rights will or may be asserted against us by third parties.
To protect our product technology, documentation and other proprietary information, we enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, consultants and strategic partners. We require our employees to acknowledge their obligation to maintain confidentiality with respect to our products. Despite these efforts, we cannot guarantee that these parties will maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary information in the course of future employment or working with other business partners. We develop, manufacture and sell our products in Asia and other countries that may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. This makes piracy of our technology and products more likely. Steps we take to protect our proprietary information may not be adequate to prevent theft of our technology. We may not be able to prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies and products that are similar to or better than ours.
Vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights or positions characterize the semiconductor industry. This often results in expensive and lengthy litigation. We, and our customers or suppliers, may be accused of infringing patents or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties in the future. An adverse result in any litigation against us or a customer or supplier could force us to pay substantial damages, stop manufacturing, using and selling the infringing products, spend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology, discontinue using certain processes or obtain licenses to use the infringing technology. In addition, we may not be able to develop non-infringing technology or find appropriate licenses on reasonable terms or at all.
Patent disputes in the semiconductor industry between industry participants are often settled through cross-licensing arrangements. Our portfolio of patents may not have the breadth to enable us to settle an alleged patent infringement claim through a cross-licensing arrangement, especially for patent disputes brought by non-practicing entities (patent holders who do not manufacture products but only seek to monetize patent rights) that cannot be settled through cross-licensing and cannot be avoided through cross-licensing with industry practitioners. We may therefore be more exposed to third-party claims than some of our larger competitors and customers.
Customers may make claims against us in connection with infringement claims made against them that are alleged to relate to our products or components included in our products, even where we obtain the components from a supplier. In such cases, we may incur monetary losses due to cost of defense, settlement or damage award and non-monetary losses as a result of diverting valuable internal resources to litigation support. To the extent that claims against us or our customers relate to third-party intellectual property integrated into our products, there is no assurance that we will be fully or even partially indemnified by our suppliers against any losses.
Furthermore, we may initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringing our proprietary rights or to establish the validity of our proprietary rights. This could consume significant resources and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, regardless of the litigation’s outcome.
If we fail to comply with our obligations under any license, collaboration or other agreements, we may be required to pay damages and could lose certain intellectual property rights.
Our current licenses impose, and any future licenses we enter into are likely to impose, various development, commercialization, funding, milestone, royalty, diligence, sublicensing, insurance, patent prosecution and enforcement and other obligations on us. If we breach any of these obligations, or use the intellectual property licensed to us in an unauthorized manner, we may be required to pay damages and the licensor may have the right to terminate the license, which could result in us being unable to develop, manufacture and sell products that are covered by the licensed technology or could enable a competitor to gain access to the licensed technology. Moreover, our licensors may own or control intellectual property that has not been licensed to us and, as a result, we may be subject to claims, regardless of their merit, that we are infringing or otherwise violating the licensor’s rights in such unlicensed intellectual property. The amount of our future royalty obligations will depend on the technology and intellectual property we use in products that we successfully develop, manufacture and commercialize, if any. Therefore, even if we successfully develop and commercialize products, we may be unable to achieve or maintain profitability.
For example, our cooperation agreement with Nexperia, which is key to our business, contains certain terms that, if triggered, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. For instance, the LSA contains customary events of default including, among others, payment defaults, breaches of covenants defaults, the occurrence of a material adverse change, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, cross defaults with certain material indebtedness, judgment defaults, and the occurrence of a change of control. In addition, an event of default will occur if the Development and Loan Agreement (“DLA”) is terminated under certain circumstances or we fail to timely deliver reports related to statements of work under the DLA. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance an event of default, Nexperia may declare all or a portion of our outstanding obligations to be immediately due and payable and exercise other rights and remedies provided for under the LSA. If specified events of default occur and remain continuing for more than 30 consecutive days, we are required to assign a portion of our patent portfolio constituting collateral to Nexperia in satisfaction of our obligations under the LSA. During the existence of an event of default, interest on the obligations could be increased to 3.0% above the otherwise applicable interest rate. Additionally, pursuant to an intracompany license agreement with our wholly-owned subsidiary, Transphorm Japan Epi (“TJE”), if certain events (some of which may be beyond our control) occur, we could be forced to sell TJE at fair market value to a third party that is approved by us and Nexperia. While TJE’s epiwafer capacity currently is not required for production of our products, if such a “forced-sale” event were to happen in the future, we could be required to purchase a portion of our epiwafer requirements from the third party that purchases TJE. This could impact our epiwafer costs, reduce any overall profits, or cause us to lose a portion of our capacity, requiring us to generate more epiwafer capacity earlier than planned. This would result in greater capital expenditure than anticipated, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Risks Related to our Financial Control Environment
Being a public company can be administratively burdensome and will significantly increase our legal and financial compliance costs.
As a public reporting company, we are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and other federal securities laws, rules and regulations related thereto, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. In addition, the listing requirements of any national securities exchange or other exchange and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will significantly increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. Among other things, we are required to:
•maintain and evaluate a system of internal controls over financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the related rules and regulations of the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
•maintain policies relating to disclosure controls and procedures;
•prepare and distribute periodic reports in compliance with our obligations under federal securities laws;
•institute a more comprehensive compliance function, including with respect to corporate governance; and
•involve, to a greater degree, our outside legal counsel and accountants in the above activities.
The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders is expensive and much greater than that of a privately-held company, and compliance with these rules and regulations will require us to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel, and will involve a material increase in regulatory, legal and accounting expenses and the attention of our board of directors and management. In addition, being a public company makes it
more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. In the future, we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain this coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified executives and members of our board of directors.
Any failure to maintain effective internal controls over our financial reporting could materially and adversely affect us.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to include in our annual reports on Form 10-K an assessment by management of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed time frame or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. For example, in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we identified certain deficiencies relating to our internal control over financial reporting that constitute material weaknesses under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”), and we cannot predict the outcome of our testing in future periods. If we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or are unable to remediate the material weaknesses we currently have, our financial statements may be inaccurate and investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could negatively affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, if we are not able to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to become or remain listed on any national securities exchange or other exchange or quoted on an over-the-counter market.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that, if not properly remediated, could result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements in future periods.
We have limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and related procedures. In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we identified certain deficiencies relating to our internal control over financial reporting that constitute material weaknesses under standards established by the PCAOB. As of December 31, 2019, these material weaknesses continue to exist. Accordingly, we were not able to assert in this Report that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019. The PCAOB defines a material weakness as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. We identified a material weakness related to the fact that certain members of our finance team and personnel are able to operate across a number of different functions and have user access that gives rise to segregation of duties risks in connection with our information technology infrastructure. Access to systems has subsequently been restricted and access will be managed by independent personnel. The other material weakness relates to a lack of evidence to support review work and oversight procedures. Formal review processes and meetings are being introduced in addition to the creation of a specific role in the finance team to review documentation and prepare evidence of such review. These material weaknesses have a pervasive impact on various activity level and financial reporting cycles. We will need to take additional measures to fully remediate these deficiencies. The measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls may not be sufficient to (1) address the issue identified, (2) ensure that our internal controls are effective, or (3) ensure that the identified material weaknesses or other material weaknesses will not result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In addition, other material weaknesses may be identified
in the future. If we are unable to correct deficiencies in internal controls in a timely manner, our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information accurately and within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms will be adversely affected. This failure could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our common stock, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties, and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition.
Our lack of an independent audit committee at this time may hinder our board of directors’ effectiveness in monitoring our compliance with our disclosure and accounting obligations. Until we establish such committee, we will be unable to obtain a listing on a national securities exchange.
Although our common stock is not listed on any national securities exchange, for purposes of independence we use the definition of independence applied by Nasdaq. Currently, we have no independent audit committee, and audit committee functions are performed by our board of directors as a whole. An independent audit committee would play a crucial role in the corporate governance process, assessing our processes relating to our risks and control environment, overseeing financial reporting, and evaluating internal and independent audit processes. We may, however, have difficulty attracting and retaining independent directors with the requisite qualifications to serve on an audit committee. An independent audit committee (with certain exceptions and phase in-periods if we are a controlled company) is required for listing on any national securities exchange. Therefore, until such time as we meet the audit committee independence requirements of a national securities exchange, we will be ineligible for listing on any national securities exchange.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could fall below the expectations of investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our financial statements include those related to assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
Changes in accounting rules and regulations, or interpretations thereof, could result in unfavorable accounting charges or require us to change our compensation policies.
Accounting methods and policies for companies such as ours, including policies governing revenue recognition, leases, research and development and related expenses, and accounting for stock-based compensation, are subject to review, interpretation and guidance from our auditors and relevant accounting authorities, including the SEC. Changes to accounting methods or policies, or interpretations thereof, may require us to reclassify, restate or otherwise change or revise our historical financial statements, including those contained in this Report.
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
We have incurred substantial losses during our history, do not expect to become profitable in the near future and may never achieve profitability. To the extent that we continue to generate taxable losses, unused losses will carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”), and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research tax credits) to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. The Merger, our
prior equity offerings and other changes in our stock ownership may have resulted in ownership changes. In addition, we may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us. In addition, at the state level, there may be periods during which the use of NOLs is suspended or otherwise limited, which could accelerate or permanently increase state taxes owed.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including (1) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (3) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, as an emerging growth company, we are only required to provide two years of audited financial statements in this Report. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of June 30 of any year or if we have total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during any fiscal year, in which cases we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31, or if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during any three-year period, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company immediately. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company” which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this report and our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market, if any, for our common stock and our share price may be more volatile.
Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
We are a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are currently a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company and we have a public float of less than $250 million and annual revenues of less than $100 million during our most recently completed fiscal year. In the event that we are still considered a smaller reporting company at such time as we cease being an “emerging growth company,” we will be required to provide additional disclosure in our SEC filings. However, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial
statements in annual reports. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects.
We are not subject to compliance with rules requiring the adoption of certain corporate governance measures and as a result our stockholders have limited protections against interested director transactions, conflicts of interest and similar matters.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as resulting rule changes enacted by the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market, require the implementation of various measures relating to corporate governance. These measures are designed to enhance the integrity of corporate management and the securities markets and apply to securities which are listed on those exchanges. Because we are not listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market or the New York Stock Exchange, we are not presently required to comply with many of the corporate governance provisions and we have not yet adopted certain of these measures. Until we comply with such corporate governance measures, regardless of whether such compliance is required, the absence of such standards of corporate governance may leave our stockholders without protections against interested director transactions, conflicts of interest and similar matters.
We may be a controlled company within the meaning of the Nasdaq and NYSE rules if we eventually list on such exchange, and, as a result, may qualify for and intend to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.
As of April 15, 2020, KKR Phorm Investors L.P. (“Phorm”), an entity owned by investment funds advised by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P., beneficially owned approximately 60.3% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we may be a controlled company within the meaning of the Nasdaq or NYSE corporate governance standards, if we eventually list on the applicable exchange. Under Nasdaq rules, for example, a controlled company may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq, including the requirements that:
•a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors;
•the nominating and corporate governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;
•compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and
•there be an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees.
If we were to list on Nasdaq in the future and are a controlled company at such time, we intend to utilize these exemptions (or similar exemptions if we were to list on NYSE), including the exemption for a board of directors composed of a majority of independent directors. In addition, to the extent we create committees, these committees may not be composed entirely of independent directors immediately following such creation. We may rely on the phase-in rules of the SEC, Nasdaq or NYSE if we are no longer a controlled company under the applicable listing standard. For example, the phase-in rules for Nasdaq permit us to have a compensation committee that has one member that is independent at the time that we cease to be a controlled company, a majority of members that are independent within 90 days thereafter and all members that are independent within one year thereafter. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq or NYSE.
In addition, pursuant to the terms of a stockholders agreement with Phorm (the “Stockholders Agreement”), Phorm has the right to appoint a member to each committee that may be established by our board of directors, appoint the chair of our board of directors, and nominate a majority of our board of directors, in each case subject to a phase-out period based on Phorm’s future share ownership. Phorm may assign these and other governance rights to
certain transferees. Accordingly, even if we are no longer a controlled company, holders of our common stock may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that do not have a stockholders agreement similar to ours.
There currently is no market for our common stock and there can be no assurance that a market will ever develop. Failure to develop or maintain a trading market could negatively affect the value of our common stock and make it difficult or impossible for you to sell your shares. If a market for our common stock develops, our stock price may be volatile and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses.
Our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange or any other exchange, or quoted on an over-the-counter market. Therefore, there is no trading market, active or otherwise, for our common stock. We plan for our common stock to become listed on, and remain eligible for quotation on, the OTCQB, or on another over-the-counter quotation system, or in the pink sheets. In those venues, however, the shares of our common stock may trade infrequently and in low volumes, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent and the trading price of our common stock may be extremely volatile. Investors may find it difficult to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock or to sell their shares at or near bid prices or at all. In addition, if we fail to meet the criteria set forth in SEC regulations, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling our common stock, which may further affect the liquidity of our common stock. This would also make it more difficult for us to raise capital.
In addition, we may not ever be able to satisfy the listing requirements for our common stock to be listed on a national securities exchange, which is often a more widely-traded and liquid market. Some, but not all, of the factors which may delay or prevent the listing of our common stock on a more widely-traded and liquid market include the following: our stockholders’ equity may be insufficient; the market value of our outstanding securities may be too low; our net income from operations may be too low; our common stock may not be sufficiently widely held; we may not be able to secure market makers for our common stock; and we may fail to meet the rules and requirements mandated by the several exchanges and markets to have our common stock listed. Should we fail to satisfy the initial listing standards of the national exchanges or the OTCQB, or our common stock is otherwise rejected for listing, the trading price of our common stock could suffer, the trading market for our common stock may be less liquid and our common stock price may be subject to increased volatility.
If a market for our common stock develops, whether on a national exchange or the OTCQB, its market price could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including the other risks described in this section titled “Risk Factors.” In addition, the stock markets in general, including in the industry in which we operate, have experienced extreme volatility, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, that has, in some cases, been unrelated to the operating performance of the issuer. Accordingly, these broad market and industry factors may also seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.
The designation of our common stock as a “penny stock” would limit the liquidity of our common stock.
Our common stock may be deemed a “penny stock” (as that term is defined under Rule 3a51-1 of the Exchange Act) in any market that may develop in the future. Generally, “penny stock” is common stock that is not listed on a securities exchange and trades for less than $5.00 a share. Prices often are not available to buyers and sellers and the market may be very limited. Penny stocks in start-up companies are among the riskiest equity investments. Broker-dealers who sell penny stocks must provide purchasers of these stocks with a standardized risk-disclosure document prepared by the SEC. The document provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks involved in investing in the penny stock market. A broker must also provide purchasers with bid and offer quotations and information regarding broker and salesperson compensation and make a written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and obtain the purchaser’s written agreement to the purchase. Many brokers and investors choose not to participate in penny stock transactions, which may result in further liquidity constraints and declines in the trading price of our common stock. Because of the
penny stock rules, there may be less trading activity in penny stocks in any market that develops for our common stock in the future and stockholders are likely to have difficulty selling their shares.
We do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock, and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.
Cash dividends have never been declared or paid on our common stock, and we do not anticipate such a declaration or payment for the foreseeable future. Any future determination about the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, if any, capital requirements, operating and financial conditions, contractual restrictions, including any loan or debt financing agreements, and on such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. In addition, we may enter into agreements in the future that could contain restrictions on payments of cash dividends. We expect to use future earnings, if any, to fund business growth. Therefore, stockholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares of common stock. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates. We cannot assure stockholders of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares, nor can we assure that stockholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.
FINRA sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) has adopted rules requiring that, in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative or low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA has indicated its belief that there is a high probability that speculative or low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. If these FINRA requirements are applicable to us or our securities, they may make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that at least some of their customers buy our common stock, which may limit the ability of our stockholders to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market for and price of our common stock.
Substantial future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Pursuant to the registration rights agreement we entered into with certain holders of our common stock issued in connection with the Private Placement and the Merger or held by our pre-Merger stockholders, as amended to date, we have agreed, at our expense, to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC registering the resale of up to 38,227,152 shares of our common stock, which consists of shares of our common stock that are held by our pre-Merger stockholders, were issued in connection with the Merger and the Private Placement or are reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding warrants and the Yaskawa Note. After it is declared effective by the SEC, the registration statement will permit the resale of these shares at any time for up to three years following the effective date of such registration statement. The resale, or expected or potential resale, of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price for our common stock and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock at times and prices that you feel are appropriate. Furthermore, we expect that, because all of our outstanding shares of common stock and shares underlying outstanding warrants and a convertible note will be registered pursuant to the registration statement, selling stockholders will continue to offer shares covered by such registration statement in significant amounts and for a significant period of time, the precise duration of which cannot be predicted. Accordingly, the adverse market and price pressures resulting from an offering pursuant to the registration statement may continue for an extended period of time, and continued negative pressure on the market price of our common stock could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional equity capital.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. In addition, because we did not become a reporting company by conducting an underwritten initial public offering of our common stock, and because we will not be listed on a national securities exchange, security analysts of brokerage firms may not provide coverage of our company. We cannot assure you that brokerage firms will provide analyst coverage of our company in the future, or continue such coverage if started. In addition, investment banks may be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on our behalf than they might if we became a public reporting company by means of an underwritten initial public offering, because they may be less familiar with our company as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media, which could harm our ability to raise additional funding in the future. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for our shares will have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock, which will negatively impact the trading price of our common stock.
In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Our principal stockholders and management have substantial control over us and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.
As of April 15, 2020, Phorm, our largest stockholder, beneficially owned approximately 60.3% of our common stock, and our executive officers and directors, together with holders of five percent or more of our outstanding common stock and their respective affiliates, beneficially owned approximately 73.0% of our common stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, or Phorm individually, have the ability to significantly impact the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these stockholders, acting together or Phorm individually, have the ability to significantly impact the management and affairs of our company. The interests of these stockholders may not be the same as or may even conflict with your interests. The concentration of ownership might decrease the market price of our common stock by:
•delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of the company, which could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company or our assets and might affect the prevailing market price of our common stock;
•impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover, or other business combination involving us; or
•discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the company.
The significant concentration of stock ownership may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
Anti-takeover provisions that will be included in our charter documents and are under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.
Provisions in our bylaws and that will be included in our certificate of incorporation may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. These provisions include a classified board of directors, a prohibition on actions by written consent of our stockholders from and after the date that Phorm beneficially owns less than a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock, supermajority voting requirements to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws from and after the date that Phorm beneficially owns less than a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock, and the ability of our board of directors to issue
preferred stock without stockholder approval. Although we believe these provisions collectively will provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove then-current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of the board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of management. In addition, we have opted out of the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which generally prohibit a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an interested stockholder. However, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide substantially the same limitations as are set forth in Section 203 but also provides that Phorm and its affiliates and any of their direct or indirect transferees and any group as to which such persons are a party do not constitute interested stockholders for purposes of this provision.
Our bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.
Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, stockholder officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each case subject to the Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein and the claim not being one which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery or for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. Any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our common stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this provision of bylaws. This choice of forum provision may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, employees and agents even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. Stockholders who do bring a claim in the Court of Chancery could face additional litigation costs in pursuing any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. The Court of Chancery may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments or results may be more favorable to us than to our stockholders. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and use of Proceeds
Please refer to Item 3.02 contained in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2020 for the information required by Item 701 of Regulation S-K as to all equity securities that we issued during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that were not registered under the Securities Act.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Filed with this Report | Form | Incorporated by Reference Exhibit No. | Filing Date | SEC File No. | ||||||||||||||
| 2.1 ‡ | 8-K | 2.1 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | 8-K | 3.1 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | 8-K | 3.2 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 3.4 | 8-K | 3.4 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 * | 8-K | 4.1 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4.1.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | 8-K | 4.2 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.5.1 # | 8-K | 10.5 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.5.2 # | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.6 | 8-K | 10.6 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.7 * | 8-K | 10.7 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.13.2 | 8-K | 10.13.2 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.14.3 | 8-K | 10.14.3 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.14.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.14.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.15.3 | 8-K | 10.15.3 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.18 | 8-K | 10.18 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.19 | 8-K | 10.19 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.20.3 | 8-K | 10.20.3 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.21.3 | 8-K | 10.21.3 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.22.4 | 8-K | 10.22.4 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.22.5 | 8-K | 10.22.5 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.23.3 | 8-K | 10.23.3 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.26 | 8-K | 10.26 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.27 | 8-K | 10.27 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.28 | 8-K | 10.28 | February 14, 2020 | 000-55832 | ||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||
‡ Annexes, schedules and/or exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits to the SEC on a confidential basis upon request.
* Annexes, schedules and/or exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits to the SEC on a confidential basis upon request.
# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.
† Portions of the exhibit, marked by brackets, have been omitted because the omitted information (i) is not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm if publicly disclosed.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,thereunto duly authorized.
| Transphorm, Inc. | |||||||||||
| Date: | May 14, 2020 | By: | /s/ Mario Rivas | ||||||||
| Mario Rivas | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| (principal executive officer) | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Cameron McAulay | ||||||||||
| Cameron McAulary | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (principal financial and accounting officer) | |||||||||||
Exhibit 4.1.1
AMENDMENT
TO
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
This Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Agreement (as defined below) is effective as of May 6, 2020 and is by and among Transphorm, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and the Majority Holders. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Agreement.
WHEREAS, the Company, the undersigned Majority Holders and certain other parties previously entered into that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 12, 2020 (the “Agreement”);
WHEREAS, under Section 10(l) of the Agreement, the Agreement may only be amended or waived from time to time by a writing executed by the Company and the Majority Holders; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the undersigned, representing the Majority Holders, desire to amend the Agreement as set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby confirmed, the Company and the undersigned Majority Holders hereby agree that the Agreement is amended as follows:
1)The definition of “Registration Event” in the agreement is hereby deleted and replaced in its entirety by the following:
“Registration Event” means the occurrence of any of the following events:
(a) the Company fails to file with, or confidentially submit to, the Commission the Registration Statement on or before the Registration Filing Date;
(b) the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the Commission on or before the Registration Effectiveness Date;
(c) after the SEC Effective Date, the Registration Statement ceases for any reason to remain continuously effective or the Holders are otherwise not permitted to utilize the prospectus therein to resell the Registrable Securities for a period of more than fifteen (15) consecutive Trading Days, except for Blackout Periods permitted herein and except for suspension of the use of the Registration Statement in connection with its post-effective amendment in connection with the filing of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the time reasonably required to respond to any comments from the staff of the Commission (the “Staff”) on the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, and as excused pursuant to Section 3(a) below; or
(d) on or before the Registration Effective Date, the Registrable Securities, if issued and outstanding, are not listed or included for quotation on an Approved Market,
or, following the listing or inclusion on an Approved Market, trading of the Common Stock is suspended or halted on the Approved Market, which at the time constitutes the principal market for the Common Stock, for more than three (3) full, consecutive Trading Days; provided, however, a Registration Event shall not be deemed to occur if all or substantially all trading in equity securities of all companies (including the Common Stock) is suspended or halted on the Approved Market for any length of time.
2)Section 3(a) of the Agreement is hereby deleted and replaced in its entirety by the following:
(a) Registration on Form S-1. The Company shall file with the Commission a Registration Statement on Form S-1, or any other form for which the Company then qualifies or which counsel for the Company shall deem appropriate and which form shall be available for the resale by the Holders of all of the Registrable Securities, and the Company shall (i) make the initial filing, or confidential submission, of the Registration Statement with the Commission no later than the Registration Filing Date; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to file the Registration Statement during a Blackout Period, (ii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to be declared effective no later than the Registration Effectiveness Date and (iii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep such Registration Statement effective for a period of three (3) years after the SEC Effective Date or for such shorter period ending on the date on which all Registrable Securities have been transferred other than to a Permitted Assignee (the “Effectiveness Period”); provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to effect any such registration, qualification or compliance pursuant to this Section 3(a), or keep such registration effective pursuant to the terms hereunder, in any particular jurisdiction in which the Company would be required to qualify to do business as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities under the securities laws of such jurisdiction or to execute a general consent to service of process in effecting such registration, qualification or compliance, in each case where it has not already done so. The Company shall be entitled to suspend the effectiveness of the Registration Statement at any time prior to the expiration of the Effectiveness Period during a Blackout Period for the reasons and time periods set forth in the definition thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Staff should limit the number of Registrable Securities that may be sold pursuant to the Registration Statement, the Company may remove from the Registration Statement such number of Registrable Securities as specified by the Commission on behalf of all of the holders of Registrable Securities from the Registrable Securities on a pro rata basis among the holders thereof (such Registrable Securities, the “Reduction Securities”). In such event, the Company shall give the applicable holders of Registrable Securities prompt notice of the number of Registrable Securities excluded from the Registration Statement. The Company shall, at the first opportunity that is permitted by the Commission, register for resale the Reduction Securities (pro rata among the Holders of such Reduction Securities) using one or more registration statements that it is then entitled to use; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to register such Reduction Securities during a Blackout Period. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause each such registration statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act as soon as possible, and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration
statement continuously effective under the Securities Act during the entire Effectiveness Period. No liquidated damages shall accrue or be payable to any Holder pursuant to Section 3(b) below with respect to any Registrable Securities that are excluded by reason of (i) the Staff limiting the number of Registrable Securities that may be sold pursuant to a registration statement (provided that the Company continues to use commercially reasonable efforts to register such Reduction Securities for resale by other available means) or (ii) such Holder failing to provide to the Company information concerning the Holder and the manner of distribution of the Holder’s Registrable Securities that is required by SEC Rules to be disclosed in a registration statement utilized in connection with the registration of registrable securities. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Commission limits the Company’s ability to file or confidentially submit, or prohibits or delays the filing of a new registration statement, the Company’s compliance with such limitation, prohibition or delay solely to the extent of such limitation, prohibition or delay shall not be deemed a failure by the Company to use commercially reasonable efforts as set forth above or elsewhere in this Agreement and shall not require the payment of any liquidated damages by the Company under this Agreement.
3)The sixth sentence of Section 3(b) of the Agreement is hereby deleted and replaced in its entirety by the following:
The Registration Default Period shall terminate upon the earlier of such time as the Registrable Securities that are affected by the Registration Event cease to be Registrable Securities or (i) the filing or confidential submission of the Registration Statement in the case of clause (a) of the definition of Registration Event, (ii) the SEC Effective Date in the case of clause (b) of the definition of Registration Event, (iii) the ability of the Holders to effect sales pursuant to the Registration Statement in the case of clause (c) of the definition of Registration Event, and (iv) the listing or inclusion and/or trading of the Common Stock on an Approved Market, as the case may be, in the case of clause (d) of the definition of Registration Event; provided, that in the event of a cure of one or more of the Registration Events described in clauses (i)-(iv) above when a separate Registration Event shall be continuing, the Registration Default Period shall continue until all such Registration Events have ceased
4)Continued Validity of Agreement. Except as specifically amended hereby, the Agreement shall continue in full force and effect as originally constituted and is ratified and affirmed by the parties hereto.
5)Successors and Assigns. The provisions hereof shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors and administrators and other legal representatives.
6)Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by facsimile or portable document format (.PDF)), each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one instrument.
7)Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States of America and the State of Delaware, both
substantive and remedial, without regard to Delaware conflicts of law principles. Any judicial proceeding brought against either of the parties to this Agreement or any dispute arising out of this Agreement or any matter related hereto shall be brought in the state or federal courts located in the State of Delaware and, by its execution and delivery of this Agreement, each party to this Agreement accepts the jurisdiction of such courts. The foregoing consent to jurisdiction shall not be deemed to confer rights on any person other than the parties to this Agreement.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned parties have executed this Amendment, effective as of the day and year first above written.
| COMPANY: | |||||
TRANSPHORM, INC. | |||||
| By: | /s/ Cameron McAulay | ||||
| Name: | Cameron McAulay | ||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
Signature page to Transphorm, Inc.
Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned parties have executed this Amendment, effective as of the day and year first above written.
KKR PHORM INVESTORS L.P. | |||||
| By: | /s/ Joan Lacagnina | ||||
| KKR Phorm Investors GP LLC, its general partner | |||||
| Name: | Joan Lacagnina | ||||
| Title: | Vice President, Finance | ||||
Signature page to Transphorm, Inc.
Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement
Exhibit 10.5.2
TRANSPHORM, INC.
2020 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
NOTICE OF STOCK OPTION GRANT
Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the Transphorm, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) will have the same defined meanings in this Stock Option Agreement which includes the Notice of Stock Option Grant (the “Notice of Grant”), the Terms and Conditions of Stock Option Grant, attached hereto as Exhibit A, the Exercise Notice, attached hereto as Exhibit B, and all other exhibits, appendices, and addenda attached hereto (together, the “Option Agreement”).
Participant Name:
Address:
The undersigned Participant has been granted an Option to purchase Common Stock of Transphorm, Inc. (the “Company”), subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Option Agreement, as follows:
Grant Number: | ||||||||
| Date of Grant: | ||||||||
| Vesting Commencement Date: | ||||||||
| Exercise Price per Share (in U.S. Dollars): | $ | |||||||
| Total Number of Shares Subject to Option: | ||||||||
| Total Exercise Price (in U.S. Dollars): | $ | |||||||
| Type of Option: | Incentive Stock Option | |||||||
| Nonstatutory Stock Option | ||||||||
| Term/Expiration Date: | ||||||||
Vesting Schedule:
Subject to any acceleration provisions contained in the Plan or set forth below, this Option will vest and be exercisable, in whole or in part, in accordance with the following schedule:
[Insert Vesting Schedule.]
Termination Period:
In the event of cessation of Participant’s status as a Service Provider, this Option will be exercisable, to the extent vested, for a period of thirty (30) days after Participant ceases to be a Service Provider, unless such termination is due to Participant’s death or Disability, in which case the Option will be exercisable, to the extent vested, for a period of six (6) months after Participant ceases to be a Service Provider. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, in no event may this Option be exercised after the Term/Expiration Date as provided above and this Option may be subject to earlier termination as provided in Section 14 of the Plan.
By Participant’s signature and the signature of the representative of the Company below, Participant and the Company agree that this Option is granted under and governed by the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Option Agreement, including the Terms and Conditions of Stock Option Grant, attached hereto as Exhibit A, the Exercise Notice, attached hereto as Exhibit B, and all other exhibits, appendices, and addenda attached hereto, all of which are made a part of this document. Participant acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan. Participant has reviewed the Plan and this Option Agreement in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Option Agreement, and fully understands all provisions of the Plan, this Option, and the Option Agreement. Participant hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive, and final all decisions or interpretations of the Administrator upon any questions relating to the Plan or this Option Agreement. Participant further agrees to notify the Company upon any change in the residence address indicated below.
| PARTICIPANT | TRANSPHORM, INC. | |||||||
| Signature | Signature | |||||||
| Print Name | Print Name | |||||||
| Title | ||||||||
| Address: | ||||||||
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EXHIBIT A
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF STOCK OPTION GRANT
1.Grant of Option.
(a)The Company hereby grants to the individual (“Participant”) named in the Notice of Stock Option Grant of this Option Agreement (the “Notice of Grant”) an option (the “Option”) to purchase the number of Shares set forth in the Notice of Grant, at the exercise price per Share set forth in the Notice of Grant (the “Exercise Price”), subject to all of the terms and conditions in this Option Agreement and the Plan, which is incorporated herein by this reference. Subject to Section 19(c) of the Plan, in the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of the Plan and the terms and conditions of this Option Agreement, the terms and conditions of the Plan will prevail.
(b)For U.S. taxpayers, the Option will be designated as either an Incentive Stock Option (“ISO”) or a Nonstatutory Stock Option (“NSO”). If designated in the Notice of Grant as an ISO, this Option is intended to qualify as an ISO under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). However, if this Option is intended to be an ISO, to the extent that it exceeds the $100,000 rule of Code Section 422(d) it will be treated as an NSO. Further, if for any reason this Option (or portion thereof) will not qualify as an ISO, then, to the extent of such nonqualification, such Option (or portion thereof) will be regarded as a NSO granted under the Plan. In no event will the Administrator, the Company, or any Parent or Subsidiary or any of their respective employees or directors have any liability to Participant (or any other person) due to the failure of the Option to qualify for any reason as an ISO.
(c)For non-U.S. taxpayers, the Option will be designated as an NSO.
2.Vesting Schedule. Except as provided in Section 3, the Option awarded by this Option Agreement will vest in accordance with the vesting provisions set forth in the Notice of Grant. Unless specifically provided otherwise in this Option Agreement or other written agreement between Participant and the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Parents, as applicable, Shares subject to this Option that are scheduled to vest on a certain date or upon the occurrence of a certain condition will not vest in accordance with any of the provisions of this Option Agreement, unless Participant will have been continuously a Service Provider from the Date of Grant until the date such vesting occurs.
3.Administrator Discretion. The Administrator, in its discretion, may accelerate the vesting of the balance, or some lesser portion of the balance, of the unvested Option at any time, subject to the terms of the Plan. If so accelerated, such Option will be considered as having vested as of the date specified by the Administrator.
4.Exercise of Option.
(a)Right to Exercise. This Option may be exercised only within the term set out in the Notice of Grant, and may be exercised during such term only in accordance with the Vesting Schedule set out in the Notice of Grant and with the applicable provisions of the Plan and the terms of this Option Agreement.
(b)Method of Exercise. This Option is exercisable by delivery of an exercise notice (the “Exercise Notice”) in the form attached as Exhibit B to the Notice of Grant or in a manner and pursuant to such procedures as the Administrator may determine, which will state the election to exercise the Option, the number of Shares in respect of which the Option is being exercised (the “Exercised Shares”), and such other representations and agreements as may be required by the Company pursuant to the provisions of the Plan. The Exercise Notice will be completed by Participant and delivered to the Company. The Exercise Notice will be accompanied by payment of the aggregate Exercise Price as to all Exercised Shares and of any Tax Obligations (as defined in Section 6(a)). This Option will be deemed to be exercised upon receipt by the Company of such fully executed Exercise Notice accompanied by the aggregate Exercise Price, together with any applicable Tax Obligations.
5.Method of Payment. Payment of the aggregate Exercise Price will be by any of the following, or a combination thereof, at the election of Participant:
(a)cash in U.S. dollars;
(b)check designated in U.S. dollars;
(c)consideration received by the Company under a formal cashless exercise program adopted by the Company in connection with the Plan; or
(d)if Participant is a U.S. employee, surrender of other Shares which have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate Exercise Price of the Exercised Shares and that are owned free and clear of any liens, claims, encumbrances, or security interests, provided that accepting such Shares, in the sole discretion of the Administrator, will not result in any adverse accounting consequences to the Company.
6.Tax Obligations.
(a)Responsibility for Taxes. Participant acknowledges that, regardless of any action taken by the Company or, if different, Participant’s employer (the “Employer”) or any Parent or Subsidiary to which Participant is providing services (together, the “Service Recipients”), the ultimate liability for any tax and/or social insurance liability obligations and requirements in connection with the Option, including, without limitation, (i) all federal, state, and local taxes (including Participant’s Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) obligations) that are required to be withheld by any Service Recipient or other payment of tax-related items related to Participant’s participation in the Plan and legally applicable to Participant; (ii) Participant’s and, to the extent
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required by any Service Recipient, the Service Recipient’s fringe benefit tax liability, if any, associated with the grant, vesting, or exercise of the Option or sale of Shares; and (iii) any other Service Recipient taxes the responsibility for which Participant has, or has agreed to bear, with respect to the Option (or exercise thereof or issuance of Shares thereunder) (collectively, the “Tax Obligations”), is and remains Participant’s sole responsibility and may exceed the amount actually withheld by the applicable Service Recipient(s). Participant further acknowledges that no Service Recipient (A) makes any representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax Obligations in connection with any aspect of the Option, including, but not limited to, the grant, vesting, or exercise of the Option, the subsequent sale of Shares acquired pursuant to such exercise and the receipt of any dividends or other distributions, and (B) makes any commitment to and is under any obligation to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Option to reduce or eliminate Participant’s liability for Tax Obligations or achieve any particular tax result. Further, if Participant is subject to Tax Obligations in more than one jurisdiction between the Date of Grant and the date of any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, as applicable, Participant acknowledges that the applicable Service Recipient(s) (or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for Tax Obligations in more than one jurisdiction. If Participant fails to make satisfactory arrangements for the payment of any required Tax Obligations hereunder at the time of the applicable taxable event, Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Company may refuse to issue or deliver the Shares.
(b)Tax Withholding. Pursuant to such procedures as the Administrator may specify from time to time, the applicable Service Recipient(s) will withhold the amount required to be withheld for the payment of Tax Obligations. The Administrator, in its sole discretion and pursuant to such procedures as it may specify from time to time, may permit Participant to satisfy such Tax Obligations, in whole or in part (without limitation), if permissible by applicable local law, by (i) paying cash in U.S. dollars; (ii) electing to have the Company withhold otherwise deliverable Shares having a fair market value equal to the minimum amount that is necessary to meet the withholding requirement for such Tax Obligations (or such greater amount as Participant may elect if permitted by the Administrator, if such greater amount would not result in adverse financial accounting consequences); (iii) having the amount of such Tax Obligations withheld from Participant’s wages or other cash compensation paid to Participant by the applicable Service Recipient(s); (iv) delivering to the Company Shares that Participant owns and that have vested with a fair market value equal to such Tax Obligations; or (v) selling a sufficient number of such Shares otherwise deliverable to Participant through such means as the Company may determine in its sole discretion (whether through a broker or otherwise) equal to the minimum amount that is necessary to meet the withholding requirement for such Tax Obligations (or such greater amount as Participant may elect if permitted by the Administrator, if such greater amount would not result in adverse financial accounting consequences). Further, if Participant is subject to tax in more than one jurisdiction between the Date of Grant and a date of any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, as applicable, Participant acknowledges and agrees that the applicable Service Recipient(s) (and/or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for tax in more than one jurisdiction.
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(c)Notice of Disqualifying Disposition of ISO Shares. If the Option is an ISO, and if Participant sells or otherwise disposes of any of the Shares acquired pursuant to the ISO on or before the later of (i) the date two (2) years after the Date of Grant, or (ii) the date one (1) year after the date of exercise, Participant immediately will notify the Company in writing of such disposition. Participant agrees that Participant may be subject to income tax withholding by the Company on the compensation income recognized by Participant.
(d)Section 409A. Under Section 409A, a stock right (such as the Option) that vests after December 31, 2004 (or that vested on or prior to such date but which was materially modified after October 3, 2004) that was granted with a per share exercise price that is determined by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) to be less than the fair market value of an underlying share on the date of grant (a “discount option”) may be considered “deferred compensation.” A stock right that is a “discount option” may result in (i) income recognition by the recipient of the stock right prior to the exercise of the stock right; (ii) an additional twenty percent (20%) federal income tax; and (iii) potential penalty and interest charges. The “discount option” also may result in additional state income, penalty, and interest tax to the recipient of the stock right. Participant acknowledges that the Company cannot and has not guaranteed that the IRS will agree that the per Share exercise price of this Option equals or exceeds the fair market value of a Share on the date of grant in a later examination. Participant agrees that if the IRS determines that the Option was granted with a per Share exercise price that was less than the fair market value of a Share on the date of grant, Participant will be solely responsible for Participant’s costs related to such a determination. In no event will the Company or any of its Parent or Subsidiaries have any liability or obligation to reimburse, indemnify, or hold harmless Participant for any taxes, penalties, and interest that may be imposed, or other costs that may be incurred, as a result of Section 409A.
7.Rights as Stockholder. Neither Participant nor any person claiming under or through Participant will have any of the rights or privileges of a stockholder of the Company in respect of any Shares deliverable hereunder unless and until certificates representing such Shares (which may be in book entry form) will have been issued, recorded on the records of the Company or its transfer agents or registrars, and delivered to Participant (including through electronic delivery to a brokerage account). After such issuance, recordation, and delivery, Participant will have all the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to voting such Shares and receipt of dividends and distributions on such Shares.
8.No Guarantee of Continued Service. PARTICIPANT ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE VESTING OF SHARES PURSUANT TO THE VESTING SCHEDULE HEREOF IS EARNED ONLY BY CONTINUING AS A SERVICE PROVIDER, WHICH UNLESS PROVIDED OTHERWISE UNDER APPLICABLE LAW IS AT THE WILL OF THE APPLICABLE SERVICE RECIPIENT AND NOT THROUGH THE ACT OF BEING HIRED, BEING GRANTED THIS OPTION OR ACQUIRING SHARES HEREUNDER. PARTICIPANT FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THIS OPTION AGREEMENT, THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREUNDER, AND THE VESTING SCHEDULE SET FORTH HEREIN DO NOT CONSTITUTE AN EXPRESS OR IMPLIED PROMISE OF CONTINUED ENGAGEMENT AS A SERVICE PROVIDER FOR THE VESTING PERIOD, FOR
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ANY PERIOD, OR AT ALL, AND WILL NOT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH PARTICIPANT’S RIGHT OR THE RIGHT OF ANY SERVICE RECIPIENT TO TERMINATE PARTICIPANT’S RELATIONSHIP AS A SERVICE PROVIDER, SUBJECT TO APPLICABLE LAW, WHICH TERMINATION, UNLESS PROVIDED OTHERWISE UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, MAY BE AT ANY TIME, WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE.
9.Nature of Grant. In accepting the Option, Participant acknowledges, understands and agrees that:
(a)the grant of the Option is voluntary and occasional and does not create any contractual or other right to receive future grants of options, or benefits in lieu of options, even if options have been granted in the past;
(b)all decisions with respect to future option or other grants, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Administrator;
(c)Participant is voluntarily participating in the Plan;
(d)the Option and any Shares acquired under the Plan are not intended to replace any pension rights or compensation;
(e)the Option and Shares acquired under the Plan and the income and value of same, are not part of normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirement, or welfare benefits or similar payments;
(f)the future value of the Shares underlying the Option is unknown, indeterminable, and cannot be predicted;
(g)if the underlying Shares do not increase in value, the Option will have no value;
(h)if Participant exercises the Option and acquires Shares, the value of such Shares may increase or decrease in value, even below the Exercise Price;
(i)for purposes of the Option, Participant’s status as a Service Provider will be considered terminated as of the date Participant is no longer actively providing services to the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is a Service Provider or the terms of Participant’s employment or service agreement, if any), and unless otherwise expressly provided in this Option Agreement (including by reference in the Notice of Grant to other arrangements or contracts) or determined by the Administrator, (i) Participant’s right to vest in the Option under the Plan, if any, will terminate as of such date and will not be extended by any notice period (e.g., Participant’s period of service would not include any contractual notice period or any period of “garden leave” or similar period mandated under employment laws in the
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jurisdiction where Participant is a Service Provider or the terms of Participant’s employment or service agreement, if any, unless Participant is providing bona fide services during such time), and (ii) the period (if any) during which Participant may exercise the Option after such termination of Participant’s engagement as a Service Provider will commence on the date Participant ceases to actively provide services and will not be extended by any notice period mandated under employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is employed or terms of Participant’s engagement agreement, if any; the Administrator will have the exclusive discretion to determine when Participant is no longer actively providing services for purposes of this Option grant (including whether Participant may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence and consistent with local law);
(j)unless otherwise provided in the Plan or by the Administrator in its discretion, the Option and the benefits evidenced by this Option Agreement do not create any entitlement to have the Option or any such benefits transferred to, or assumed by, another company nor be exchanged, cashed out, or substituted for, in connection with any corporate transaction affecting the Shares; and
(k)the following provisions apply only if Participant is providing services outside the United States:
(i) the Option and the Shares subject to the Option are not part of normal or expected compensation or salary for any purpose;
(ii) Participant acknowledges and agrees that no Service Recipient will be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between Participant’s local currency and the United States Dollar that may affect the value of the Option or of any amounts due to Participant pursuant to the exercise of the Option or the subsequent sale of any Shares acquired upon exercise; and
(iii) no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages will arise from forfeiture of the Option resulting from the termination of Participant’s status as a Service Provider (for any reason whatsoever, whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is a Service Provider or the terms of Participant’s employment or service agreement, if any), and in consideration of the grant of the Option to which Participant is otherwise not entitled, Participant irrevocably agrees never to institute any claim against any Service Recipient, waives his or her ability, if any, to bring any such claim, and releases each Service Recipient from any such claim; if, notwithstanding the foregoing, any such claim is allowed by a court of competent jurisdiction, then, by participating in the Plan, Participant will be deemed irrevocably to have agreed not to pursue such claim and agrees to execute any and all documents necessary to request dismissal or withdrawal of such claim.
10.No Advice Regarding Grant. The Company is not providing any tax, legal, or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding Participant’s participation in the Plan, or Participant’s acquisition or sale of the Shares underlying the Option. Participant is hereby advised to consult with his or her own personal tax, legal, and financial advisors regarding his or her participation in the Plan before taking any action related to the Plan.
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11.Data Privacy. Participant hereby explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use, and transfer, in electronic or other form, of Participant’s personal data as described in this Option Agreement and any other Option grant materials by and among, as applicable, the Service Recipients for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering, and managing Participant’s participation in the Plan.
Participant understands that the Company and the Service Recipient may hold certain personal information about Participant, including, but not limited to, Participant’s name, home address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any Shares or directorships held in the Company, details of all Options or any other entitlement to Shares awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in Participant’s favor (“Data”), for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering, and managing the Plan.
Participant understands that Data may be transferred to a stock plan service provider, as may be selected by the Company in the future, assisting the Company with the implementation, administration, and management of the Plan. Participant understands that the recipients of the Data may be located in the United States or elsewhere, and that the recipients’ country of operation (e.g., the United States) may have different data privacy laws and protections than Participant’s country. Participant understands that if he or she resides outside the United States, he or she may request a list with the names and addresses of any potential recipients of the Data by contacting his or her local human resources representative. Participant authorizes the Company, any stock plan service provider selected by the Company, and any other possible recipients which may assist the Company (presently or in the future) with implementing, administering, and managing the Plan to receive, possess, use, retain, and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the sole purpose of implementing, administering, and managing his or her participation in the Plan. Participant understands that Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer, and manage Participant’s participation in the Plan. Participant understands if he or she resides outside the United States, he or she may, at any time, view Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of Data, require any necessary amendments to Data or refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing his or her local human resources representative. Further, Participant understands that he or she is providing the consents herein on a purely voluntary basis. If Participant does not consent, or if Participant later seeks to revoke his or her consent, his or her status as a Service Provider and career with the Service Recipient will not be adversely affected. The only adverse consequence of refusing or withdrawing Participant’s consent is that the Company would not be able to grant Participant Options or other equity awards or administer or maintain such awards. Therefore, Participant understands that refusing or withdrawing his or her consent may affect Participant’s ability to participate in the Plan. For more information on the consequences of Participant’s refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, Participant understands that he or she may contact his or her local human resources representative.
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12.Address for Notices. Any notice to be given to the Company under the terms of this Option Agreement will be addressed to the Company at Transphorm, Inc., 75 Castilian Drive, Goleta, CA, 93117, or at such other address as the Company may hereafter designate in writing.
13.Non-Transferability of Option. This Option may not be transferred in any manner otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and may be exercised during the lifetime of Participant only by Participant.
14.Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under this Option Agreement to single or multiple assignees, and this Option Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer herein set forth, this Option Agreement will be binding upon Participant and his or her heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns. The rights and obligations of Participant under this Option Agreement may be assigned only with the prior written consent of the Company.
15.Additional Conditions to Issuance of Stock. If at any time the Company will determine, in its discretion, that the listing, registration, qualification, or rule compliance of the Shares upon any securities exchange or under any state, federal, or non-U.S. law, the tax code, and related regulations or under the rulings or regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or any other governmental regulatory body or the clearance, consent, or approval of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental regulatory authority is necessary or desirable as a condition to the exercise of the Options or the purchase by, or issuance of Shares, to Participant (or his or her estate) hereunder, such exercise, purchase, or issuance will not occur unless and until such listing, registration, qualification, rule compliance, clearance, consent, or approval will have been completed, effected, or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Company. Subject to the terms of the Option Agreement and the Plan, the Company will not be required to issue any certificate or certificates for (or make any entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company of) the Shares hereunder prior to the lapse of such reasonable period of time following the date of exercise of the Option as the Administrator may establish from time to time for reasons of administrative convenience.
16.Language. If Participant has received this Option Agreement or any other document related to the Plan translated into a language other than English and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.
17.Interpretation. The Administrator will have the power to interpret the Plan and this Option Agreement and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation, and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith and to interpret or revoke any such rules (including, but not limited to, the determination of whether or not any Shares subject to the Option have vested). All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Administrator in good faith will be final and binding upon Participant, the Company, and all other interested persons. Neither the Administrator nor any person acting on behalf of the Administrator will be personally liable for any action, determination, or interpretation made in good faith with respect to the Plan or this Option Agreement.
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18.Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to the Option awarded under the Plan or future options that may be awarded under the Plan by electronic means or require Participant to participate in the Plan by electronic means. Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through any on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company.
19.Captions. Captions provided herein are for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of this Option Agreement.
20.Option Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision in this Option Agreement will be held invalid or unenforceable, such provision will be severable from, and such invalidity or unenforceability will not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of this Option Agreement.
21.Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the Plan. By accepting this Option, Participant expressly warrants that he or she has received an Option under the Plan, and has received, read, and understood a description of the Plan. Participant understands that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be amended, suspended, or terminated by the Administrator at any time.
22.Governing Law and Venue. This Option Agreement and the Option are governed by the internal substantive laws, but not the choice of law rules of California. For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under this Option or this Option Agreement, the parties hereby submit to and consent to the jurisdiction of the State of California, and agree that such litigation will be conducted in the courts of Santa Barbara County, California, or the United States federal courts for the Central District of California, and no other courts, where this Option is made and/or to be performed.
23.Country Addendum. Notwithstanding any provisions in this Option Agreement, this Option will be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in an appendix (if any) to this Option Agreement for any country whose laws are applicable to Participant and this Option (as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion) (the “Country Addendum”). Moreover, if Participant relocates to one of the countries included in the Country Addendum (if any), the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to Participant, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons. The Country Addendum (if any) constitutes a part of this Option Agreement.
24.Modifications to the Option Agreement. This Option Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties on the subjects covered. Participant expressly warrants that he or she is not accepting this Option Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein. Modifications to this Option Agreement or the Plan can be made only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or this Option Agreement, the Company reserves the right to revise this Option Agreement as it deems necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion and without the consent of Participant, to comply with Section 409A or to otherwise
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avoid imposition of any additional tax or income recognition under Section 409A in connection with the Option.
25.No Waiver. Either party’s failure to enforce any provision or provisions of this Option Agreement will not in any way be construed as a waiver of any such provision or provisions, nor prevent that party from thereafter enforcing each and every other provision of this Option Agreement. The rights granted both parties herein are cumulative and will not constitute a waiver of either party’s right to assert all other legal remedies available to it under the circumstances.
26.Tax Consequences. Participant has reviewed with his or her own tax advisors the U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. tax consequences of this investment and the transactions contemplated by this Option Agreement. With respect to such matters, Participant relies solely on such advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents, written or oral. Participant understands that Participant (and not the Company) will be responsible for Participant’s own tax liability that may arise as a result of this investment or the transactions contemplated by this Option Agreement.
* * *
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EXHIBIT B
TRANSPHORM, INC.
2020 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
EXERCISE NOTICE
Transphorm, Inc.
75 Castilian Drive
Goleta, CA 93117
Attention: [Stock Administration]
1.Exercise of Option. Effective as of today, ________________, _____, the undersigned (“Purchaser”) hereby elects to purchase ______________ shares (the “Shares”) of the Common Stock of Transphorm, Inc. (the “Company”) under and pursuant to the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and the Stock Option Agreement, dated ________ and including the Notice of Grant, the Terms and Conditions of Stock Option Grant, and other exhibits, appendices, and addenda attached thereto (the “Option Agreement”). Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Exercise Notice will be ascribed the same defined meanings as set forth in the Option Agreement (or, as applicable, the Plan or other written agreement or arrangement as specified in the Option Agreement).
2.Delivery of Payment. Purchaser herewith delivers to the Company the full purchase price of the Shares and any Tax Obligations (as defined in Section 6(a) of the Option Agreement) to be paid in connection with the exercise of the Option.
3.Representations of Purchaser. Purchaser acknowledges that Purchaser has received, read, and understood the Plan and the Option Agreement and agrees to abide by and be bound by their terms and conditions.
4.Rights as Stockholder. Until the issuance (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company) of the Shares, no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder will exist with respect to the Shares subject to the Option, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. The Shares so acquired will be issued to Purchaser as soon as practicable after the Option is exercised in accordance with the Option Agreement. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date of issuance, except as provided in Section 14 of the Plan.
5.Tax Consultation. Purchaser understands that Purchaser may suffer adverse tax consequences as a result of Purchaser’s purchase or disposition of the Shares. Purchaser represents that Purchaser has consulted with any tax consultants Purchaser deems advisable in connection with
the purchase or disposition of the Shares and that Purchaser is not relying on the Company for any tax advice.
6.Entire Agreement; Governing Law. The Plan and Option Agreement are incorporated herein by this reference. This Exercise Notice, the Plan and the Option Agreement (including the exhibits, appendices, and addenda thereto) constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company and Purchaser with respect to the subject matter hereof, and may not be modified adversely to the Purchaser’s interest except by means of a writing signed by the Company and Purchaser. This Option Agreement is governed by the internal substantive laws, but not the choice of law rules, of California.
| Submitted by: | Accepted by: | |||||||
| PURCHASER | TRANSPHORM, INC. | |||||||
| Signature | Signature | |||||||
| Print Name | Print Name | |||||||
| Title | ||||||||
| Address: | ||||||||
| Date Received | ||||||||
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TRANSPHORM, INC.
2020 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
COUNTRY ADDENDUM
Terms and Conditions
This Country Addendum includes additional terms and conditions that govern the stock option (the “Option”) to purchase shares of the Common Stock of Transphorm, Inc. (the “Company”) granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Transphorm, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and the Stock Option Agreement to which this Country Addendum is attached (the “Option Agreement”) to the extent the individual to whom the Option was granted (“Participant”) resides in one of the countries listed below.
Notifications
This Country Addendum also includes information regarding exchange controls and certain other issues of which Participant should be aware with respect to his or her participation in the Plan. The information is based on the securities, exchange control, and other laws in effect in the respective countries as of [______], 2020. Such laws often are complex and change frequently. As a result, the Company strongly recommends that Participant not rely on the information in this Country Addendum as the only source of information relating to the consequences of Participant’s participation in the Plan because the information may be out of date at the time Participant exercises the Options or sells the Shares acquired under the Plan.
In addition, the information contained herein is general in nature and may not apply to Participant’s particular situation and the Company is not in a position to assure Participant of any particular result. Accordingly, Participant is advised to seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws of Participant’s country may apply to his or her situation.
Finally, if Participant is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which Participant currently is working or transfers to another country after the grant of the Option, or is considered a resident of another country for local law purposes, the information contained herein may not be applicable to Participant in the same manner. In addition, the Company, in its discretion, will determine the extent to which the terms and conditions contained herein will apply to Participant under these circumstances.
[JURISDICTION-SPECIFIC COUNTRY ADDENDA TO BE INSERTED IF/AS APPROPRIATE]
Exhibit 10.14.4
Execution Version
AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 3 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 8th, 2020 (this “Amendment”), is entered into by and between Nexperia B.V., a private limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, with its registered office at Jonkerbosplein 52, 6534 AB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (“Nexperia” or the “Lender”), and Transphorm Technology, Inc. (f/k/a Transphorm, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (“Transphorm” or the “Borrower”), and amends that certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 4, 2018, as previously amended by Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement dated March 21, 2019, and by Amendment No. 2 to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of February 7th, 2020 (such Loan and Security Agreement as amended by Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2, collectively, the “Loan and Security Agreement”). Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein are used as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement.
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, Transphorm desires to request an extension of the Tranche A Maturity Date and the Lender is willing to grant such extension;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and agreements, provisions and covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
SECTION 1. AMENDMENT TO THE LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
The definition of Tranche A Maturity Date is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:
“Tranche A Maturity Date” means April 30, 2020.
SECTION 2. MISCELLANEOUS
2.1 Reference to and Effect on the Loan Documents.
(a) After giving effect to this Amendment, each reference in the Loan and Security Agreement to “this Agreement,” “hereunder,” “hereof,” “herein,” or words of like import, and each reference in the other Loan Documents to the Loan and Security Agreement (including, without limitation, by means of words like “thereunder”, “thereof”, “therein” and words of like import), shall mean and be a reference to the Loan and Security Agreement as amended by this Amendment.
(b) Except as expressly amended or waived, as applicable, hereby, all of the terms and provisions of the Loan and Security Agreement and all other Loan Documents are and shall remain in full force and effect and are hereby ratified and confirmed.
(c) The execution, delivery and effectiveness of this Amendment shall not, except as expressly provided herein, operate as a waiver of any right, power or remedy of the Lender under the Loan and Security Agreement or any Loan Document, or constitute a waiver or
1
amendment of any other provision of the Loan and Security Agreement or any Loan Document (as amended hereby) except as and to the extent expressly set forth herein.
2.2 Choice of Law; Dispute Resolution; Severability of Provisions; Counterparts; Electronic Execution of Documents; Captions; Construction of Agreement; Third Parties. The terms of Sections 11, 12.5, 12.7, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12 and 12.14 of the Loan and Security Agreement with respect to Choice of Law, Dispute Resolution, Severability of Provisions, Counterparts, Electronic Execution of Documents, Captions, Construction of Agreement and Third Parties are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms.
2.3 Loan Document and Integration. This Amendment shall constitute a Loan Document, and together with the other Loan Documents, incorporates all negotiations of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and is the final expression and agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.
[SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their respective officers and members thereunto duly authorized, as of the date indicated above.
TRANSPHORM TECHNOLOGY, INC., as the Borrower | |||||
| By: | /s/ Cameron McAulay | ||||
| Name:Cameron McAulay | |||||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer | |||||
NEXPERIA B.V., as the Leader | |||||
| By: | /s/ Charles Smit | ||||
| Name: Charles Smit | |||||
| Title: SVP & General Counsel | |||||
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 3 to Loan and Security Agreement]
Exhibit 10.14.5
Execution Version
AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
This Amendment No. 4 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 28th, 2020 (this “Amendment”), is entered into by and between Nexperia B.V., a private limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, with its registered office at Jonkerbosplein 52, 6534 AB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (“Nexperia” or the “Lender”), and Transphorm Technology, Inc. (f/k/a Transphorm, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (“Transphorm” or the “Borrower”), and amends that certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 4, 2018, as previously amended by Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement dated March 21, 2019, by Amendment No. 2 to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of February 7th, 2020 and by Amendment No.3 to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of April 8th, 2020 (such Loan and Security Agreement as amended by Amendment No. 1, Amendment No. 2 and Amendment No. 3, collectively, the “Loan and Security Agreement”). Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein are used as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement.
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, Transphorm desires to request an extension of the Tranche A Maturity Date and the Lender is willing to grant such extension;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and agreements, provisions and covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
SECTION 1. AMENDMENT TO THE LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
The definition of Tranche A Maturity Date is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:
“Tranche A Maturity Date” means June 30, 2020.
SECTION 2. MISCELLANEOUS
2.1 Reference to and Effect on the Loan Documents.
(a) After giving effect to this Amendment, each reference in the Loan and Security Agreement to “this Agreement,” “hereunder,” “hereof,” “herein,” or words of like import, and each reference in the other Loan Documents to the Loan and Security Agreement (including, without limitation, by means of words like “thereunder”, “thereof”, “therein” and words of like import), shall mean and be a reference to the Loan and Security Agreement as amended by this Amendment.
(b) Except as expressly amended or waived, as applicable, hereby, all of the terms and provisions of the Loan and Security Agreement and all other Loan Documents are and shall remain in full force and effect and are hereby ratified and confirmed.
(c) The execution, delivery and effectiveness of this Amendment shall not, except as expressly provided herein, operate as a waiver of any right, power or remedy of the Lender under the Loan and Security Agreement or any Loan Document, or constitute a waiver or
1
amendment of any other provision of the Loan and Security Agreement or any Loan Document (as amended hereby) except as and to the extent expressly set forth herein.
2.2 Choice of Law; Dispute Resolution; Severability of Provisions; Counterparts; Electronic Execution of Documents; Captions; Construction of Agreement; Third Parties. The terms of Sections 11, 12.5, 12.7, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12 and 12.14 of the Loan and Security Agreement with respect to Choice of Law, Dispute Resolution, Severability of Provisions, Counterparts, Electronic Execution of Documents, Captions, Construction of Agreement and Third Parties are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms.
2.3 Loan Document and Integration. This Amendment shall constitute a Loan Document, and together with the other Loan Documents, incorporates all negotiations of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and is the final expression and agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.
[SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]
2
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their respective officers and members thereunto duly authorized, as of the date indicated above.
TRANSPHORM TECHNOLOGY, INC., as the Borrower | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Cameron McAulay | |||||||
| Name: Cameron McAulay Title: Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
NEXPERIA B.V., as a Leader | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Charles Smit | |||||||
| Name: Charles Smit | ||||||||
| Title: SVP General Counsel | ||||||||
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 3 to Loan and Security Agreement]
Exhibit 31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Mario Rivas, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Transphorm, Inc. (the “registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: | May 14, 2020 | By: | /s/ Mario Rivas | ||||||||
| Mario Rivas | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| (principal executive officer) | |||||||||||
Exhibit 31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Cameron McAulay, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Transphorm, Inc. (the “registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: | May 14, 2020 | By: | /s/ Cameron McAulay | ||||||||
| Cameron McAulay | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (principal financial and accounting officer) | |||||||||||
Exhibit 32.1
Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Mario Rivas, Chief Executive Officer of Transphorm, Inc. (the “registrant”), and Cameron McAulay, Chief Financial Officer of the registrant, each hereby certifies that, to the best of their knowledge:
1.The registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the registrant.
| Date: | May 14, 2020 | By: | /s/ Mario Rivas | ||||||||
| Mario Rivas | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| (principal executive officer) | |||||||||||
| /s/ Cameron McAulay | |||||||||||
| Cameron McAulay | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (principal financial and accounting officer) | |||||||||||